The article presents a retrospective analysis of the development theories foreign trade, their author’s classification is proposed. fundamental factors contributing to activation export-import relations between countries and regions are identified. content traditional scientific substantiation trade has been expanded.

This paper aims at providing new insights into dynaraic spatial interaction and I-O analysis by linking a multiple objective programming approach to stochastic dynaraic spatial allocation models. In this context, a multiple objective optimal control model is designed, which appears to lead to a generalized solution for conventional spatial interaction problems. Next, by using a Wiener (or Brown...

One of the most salient changes in the world economy since 1980 has been the move toward freer trade among countries across the globe. How do existing theories about trade policy explain this puzzle? Three sets of explanations are prominent. First, many focus on changes in trade policy preferences among domestic actors, either societal groups or political leaders. Second, scholars examine chang...

The aim of this section is to: (a) clarify what justifies the inclusion of contingency measures in trade agreements; (b) provide an account of all circumstances when a suspension of commitments may make economic sense; and (c) identify the f lexibility measures built into WTO agreements. The section provides a framework for the discussion of specific contingency measures in the subsequent secti...

Regional trade agreements (RTAs) are considered as one of the major growth stimulant factors in the contemporary world due to their potentiality in generating welfare gains. When assessing welfare effects of RTAs, until recently, the attention of most researchers confined to the static theory, which addresses the resource allocation effect of trade integration (TI). Even though dynamic theory r...

Recent empirical and theoretical studies have identified product quality as an important determinant of bilateral trade flows. Yet relatively little is understood about the relationship between the characteristics of the export market and the quality of products. In this paper we examine this link using Chinese data. We find evidence that product unit values vary with standard gravity variables...