The effects of acute nicotine administration (0.09 mg/kg nicotine), chronic nicotine administration (6.3 mg/kg/d nicotine for 14 d), and withdrawal from chronic nicotine administration on fear conditioning in C57BL/6 mice were examined. Mice were trained using two coterminating conditioned stimulus (30 s; 85 dB white noise)--unconditioned stimulus (2 s; 0.57 mA foot shock) pairings and tested 2...

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with a variety of adverse fetal outcomes. Nicotine is a likely contributor to these adverse effects, with fetal brain as one target organ. Vaccination of adult male rats against nicotine has been shown to reduce nicotine distribution to the brain. The current study examined whether vaccination of female rats before pregnancy would reduce the dist...

s | 3 of adverse effects that currently limit the use of opioids in the clinic. Supported by USPHS Grant K05DA017918 PM288 Preclinical Evaluation of Neutral Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonists and Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Negative Allosteric Modulators for Treating Drug Addiction Eliot L. Gardner1, Guo-Hua Bi1, Ganesh Thakur2, Alexandros Makriyannis2, Herbert H. Seltzman3, Xiang-Hu He4, Zheng-...

s | 3 of adverse effects that currently limit the use of opioids in the clinic. Supported by USPHS Grant K05DA017918 PM288 Preclinical Evaluation of Neutral Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonists and Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Negative Allosteric Modulators for Treating Drug Addiction Eliot L. Gardner1, Guo-Hua Bi1, Ganesh Thakur2, Alexandros Makriyannis2, Herbert H. Seltzman3, Xiang-Hu He4, Zheng-...

Vaccination against nicotine is being studied as a potential treatment for nicotine dependence. Some of the limitations of vaccination, such as variability in antibody titer and affinity, might be overcome by instead using passive immunization with nicotine-specific monoclonal antibodies. The effects of antibodies on nicotine distribution to brain were studied using nicotine-specific monoclonal...

CONTEXT Understanding the mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction to develop more effective treatment is a public health priority. Research consistently shows that nicotine transiently improves multiple cognitive functions. However, using nicotine replacement to treat nicotine addiction yields generally inconsistent results. Although this dichotomy is well known, the reasons are unclear. Imagi...

When tobacco is smoked, chewed or snuffed, nicotine is absorbed by the lungs or mucous membrane and quickly moved into the bloodstream, where it is circulated throughout the brain. In fact nicotine is highly dangerous to be consumed in any form. The present study was conducted to know the adverse effects of nicotine on the platelet aggregation in cerebral microvessels of mice. Male mice of aver...

Introduction : Nicotine was assumed to be the cause of compromised flap. The administration antioxidants can eliminate such effect, and one most promising is Coenzyme Q10. research aims find effect orally administered Q10 on viability random skin flaps in nicotine-exposed wistar rats. Method Twenty-seven white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were assigned three groups. first group received no nicotine...

Perinatal exposure to nicotine imbalances the redox status in newborns. This study investigated effect of Anethum graveolens (dill) extract on oxidative stress and tissue injury liver kidney mice newborns exposed perinatally. Pregnant received (0.25 mg/kg) gestational day 12 5 after birth and/or A. 1 15 birth. Newborn showed multiple histopathological alterations liver, including inflammatory c...

In chronic smokers, nicotine withdrawal symptoms during tobacco cessation can lead to smoking relapse. rodent models, exposure elicited physical dependence, whereas acute antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) immediately precipitated symptoms. Although the central serotonergic system plays an important role in withdrawal, exact raphe nuclei regulating these remain unknown. We...