Background: Smoking is a human behavior that has very bad impact on health. Mortality and morbidity due to smoking cannot be under­estimated. Non-communicable diseases become high among smokers, such as diabetes, reduced fertility, coronary heart disease, countless health complications. This study aims analyze the effect of use nicotine gum success cessation based number previous similar studie...

OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of suicide, self harm, and depression in patients prescribed varenicline or bupropion with those prescribed nicotine replacement therapy. DESIGN Prospective cohort study within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. SETTING 349 general practices in England. PARTICIPANTS 119,546 men and women aged 18 years and over who used a smoking cessation product betwee...

BACKGROUND Smoking in pregnancy remains a public health challenge. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective for smoking cessation in non-pregnant people, but because women metabolise nicotine and cotinine much faster in pregnancy, it is unclear whether this will be effective for smoking cessation in pregnancy. The NHS Health Technology Assessment Programme (HTA)-funded smoking, nicotine ...

Previous studies have reported promising results regarding the effect of repeated virtual cue exposure therapy on nicotine dependence. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of virtual cue exposure therapy (CET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for nicotine dependence. Thirty subjects with nicotine dependence participated in 4 weeks of treatment with either virtual CET (n=15) or CB...

OBJECTIVE Smoking topography refers to how a person smokes a cigarette and includes measures of the number of puffs and puff volume, duration, and velocity. This study examined the relationship between smoking topography and abstinence from cigarettes following nicotine replacement therapy. A secondary objective was to determine the relationship of smoking topography to carbon monoxide (CO) exp...

Research on smoking has increased in the past several years, and many new therapeutic modalities have been developed. Primary intervention for smoking cessation begins with systematic identification of smokers and a formal diagnosis of nicotine dependence. Providing self-help brochures without clinical advice has marginal efficacy, but these can be useful as an adjunct to clinician intervention...