This study included 6 groups of pregnant ewes with a change-over design. In period 1 group 1, 2 and 3 had access to the water nipples 4, 5 bowls vice versa in 2. all six both types dispensers. The ewes’ intake was significantly higher when drinking only from (3.27 ± 0.29 l/ewe day) than (2.04 0.22 (F = 78.28, P < 0.001). wastage for 36% usage negligible bowls. When offered dispensers ewes' tend...

Polythelia (roAv's=many; 6-qA4=nipple) or the presence of accessory nipples has long been held to be an atavistic manifestation (Lichtenstern, 1878; Darwin, 1888). The coincidence of polythelia, therefore, increases the probability that a disease arises from a congenital predisposition to it. It is the purpose of this paper to examine such a view in so far as it may apply to heart disease, and ...

The position of the apex beat in relation to the midclavicular and nipples lines and the intercostal spaces was studied in 353 healthy Jamaican children from birth to 10 years. The traditional use of the midclavicular line as a reference point in relation to the apex beat is not an accurate index of normal heart size at all ages. For this purpose actual measurement of the apex beat, which range...

An on-farm experiment was performed to investigate the effects of two milking systems on teat condition. An auto-tandem milking parlor made by GEA(®) with a conventional milking cluster (CON) and a single tube milking system called MultiLactor(®) (MULTI) from Siliconform GmbH were tested. For both milking system, in total 73 animals were milked over a period of seven months. To assess the effec...

All teats of a herd of lactating cows were contaminated after each milking with Staphylococcus aureus. Two teats of each cow were subsequently dipped in an iodine solution, while the remaining 2 teats were not dipped. For cows with a single infection the interval to infection in dipped and undipped quarters was 64 and 60 d respectively, while for the first infected quarter of cows with multiple...

According to English tradition, a "storm in a tea cup" means that a particular issue has been blown out of all proportion. This quaint English interpretation can be applied to the teatcup and cluster because milking machine effects on mastitis usually are smaller and less important than the effects of milking management, herd management and cow or teat characteristics. Nevertheless, the inside ...

According to English tradition, a "storm in a tea cup" means that a particular issue has been blown out of all proportion. This quaint English interpretation can be applied to the teatcup and cluster because milking machine effects on mastitis usually are smaller and less important than the effects of milking management, herd management and cow or teat characteristics. Nevertheless, the inside ...