The nitrate and nitrite reductases of Bacillus subtilis have two different physiological functions. Under conditions of nitrogen limitation, these enzymes catalyze the reduction of nitrate via nitrite to ammonia for the anabolic incorporation of nitrogen into biomolecules. They also function catabolically in anaerobic respiration, which involves the use of nitrate and nitrite as terminal electr...

Antibodies against nitrate reductase from Monoraphidium braunii have been used to determine the antigenic relationships of nitrate reductases from different green algae. Nitrate reductases from Chlamydomonas reinhardii, Chlorella fusca, Dunaliella salina, and Scenedesmus obliquus, were inhibited by, and cross-reacted with, antibodies raised against the enzyme from Monoraphidium braunii.These an...

A nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1)-inactivating factor has been isolated from 8-day-old wheat leaves. The purification schedule involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and Sephadex G-150 filtration. No accurate assessment could be made as to the degree of purification relative to crude extract as the inactivating factor could not be detec...

Formate oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction constitutes a major anaerobic respiratory pathway in Escherichia coli. This respiratory chain consists of formate dehydrogenase-N, quinone, and nitrate reductase. We have isolated a recombinant DNA clone that likely contains the structural genes, fdnGHI, for the three subunits of formate dehydrogenase-N. The fdnGHI clone produced proteins of 110, 3...

A number of biochemically distinct systems have been characterized for the microbial reduction of the oxyanions, selenate (SeO(4)(2-)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)). Two classes of molybdenum-dependent nitrate reductase catalyse the respiratory-linked reduction of nitrate (NO(3)(-)) to nitrite (NO(2)(-)). The main respiratory nitrate reductase (NAR) is membrane-anchored, with its active site facing th...

Mutants H-14 and H-18 of Staphylococcus aureus require hemin for growth on glycerol and other nonfermentable substrates. H-14 also responds to delta-aminolevulinate. Heme-deficient cells grown in the presence of nitrate do not have lactate-nitrate reductase activity but gain this activity when incubated with hemin in buffer and glucose. Lactate-nitrate reductase activity is also restored to the...

Rhodopseudomonas capsulata bacteria photo-assimilated nitrate under anaerobic condi­ tions, but were incapable of reducing it in the dark. The bacteria utilized dissolved N 2 as nitrogen source, but the growth in the presence of nitrate was 5-fold higher. Nitrite was excreted to the medium, but not stoichiometrically with respect to nitrate consumption. Nitrate reductase is particulate and used...

Nitrate analysis in water is one of the most frequently applied methods in environmental chemistry. Current methods for nitrate are generally based on toxic substances. Here, we show that a viable alternative method is to use the enzyme nitrate reductase. The key to applying this Green Chemistry solution for nitrate analysis is plentiful, inexpensive, analytical grade enzyme. We demonstrate tha...

Introduction. The performance of a drug susceptibility test may change when moving from the research stage to implementation on a population level in actual public health practice. Objective. The performance of a rapid drug susceptibility test was described for detecting multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis when implemented in the routine workflow of a low-resource reference laborator...

Several reports about nitrate reduction in Escherichia coli have appeared during the last few years. Taniguchi, Sato & Egami (1956) have found in cell-free extracts of E. coli, grown in a peptone broth-agar medium containing nitrate, a particulate system which reduces nitrate to nitrite, only under anaerobic conditions and with reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide, formate or reduced methylene ...