deinkability of old newspaper was investigated using cellulase at different concentrations and treatment times. the results of optical properties of the made papers indicated that by increasing the enzyme concentration to 0.05 percent the brightness was increased to 47.5% iso and yellowness decreased to 11.03% iso. while at higher charges than 0.05 percent, brightness value the was decreased an...

isovanillin and iso-acetovanillon are two phenolic components isolated from a number of plants including pycnocycla spinosa . p. spinosa extract has antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities. however, no comparative study has been done on antidiarrheal action of isovanillin and iso- acetovanillon, so far. the aim of this study was to investigate antidiarrheal action of isovanillin and iso-acet...

Nucleotides are low molecular weight intracellular compounds that play major roles in physiological and biological functions. They act as precursors for nucleic acid synthesis and are also fundamental for intermediary metabolism. Nucleotides and nucleic acids turn over rapidly, especially in growing tissues or those undergoing constant cell renewal. Tissues that grow have a net formation of new...

Validated procedures play an important role to obtain accurate information about individual amino acid requirement data. The aim of the present study was to assess lysine (Lys) requirement of growing chicken both by classical supplementation technique and principles of diet dilution technique as applied with “Goettingen approach”. During the starter period (1 21 d), a growth study with male mea...

The objective of this study was to determine the undegradable dietary protein requirements of veal calves. Two experiments were carried out with Holstein bull calves from 3-10 days of age until slaughter at 20 weeks of age. Both experiments were divided into starter and finishing periods. Calves were offered starter pellets on an ad lib. basis from seven days of age. Diets were formulated to be...

Anaerobic biological wastewater treatment has numerous advantages over conventional aerobic processes; anaerobic biotechnologies, however, still have a reputation for low-quality effluents and operational instabilities. In this study, anaerobic bioreactors were augmented with an oxygen-transferring membrane to improve treatment performance. Two anaerobic bioreactors were fed a synthetic high-st...

Recent results concerning the identification and measurement of nitrogenous air pollutants in the California South Coast Air Basin (CSCAB) are presented. In planning or evaluating studies of the human health effects of these pollutants, it is important to consider the entire range of species which may be present. We provide estimates of typical exposures to nitrogenous air pollutants during a s...

A 12-week growth experiment was conducted to evaluate the suitability of Azolla cristata as a fish meal (FM) substitute in diets for Cyprinus carpio var. communis fingerlings. Six iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric (16.17 kJ/g GE) were formulated contain 42% crude protein each treatment had three replicates. The mean initial weight 3.4 ± 0.2 g. Graded levels A. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50% fed triplicate...