Recent findings in monkeys indicate that excitatory amino acids such as glutamate are involved in the pathophysiological cascade of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)- induced neuronal cell death. The neuroprotective effects of competitive and non-competitive NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) antagonists against MPTP toxicity support the hypothesis that NMDA receptor-mediated events ...

The use of multiple loose ligations of the rat sciatic nerve has been proposed as a model for the study of allodynia and hyperalgesia. This pain hypersensitivity results from both an increase in the peripheral and central sensitization. The evidence indicating that the development of neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia requires activation of spinal cord NMDA receptors. NMD...

The use of multiple loose ligations of the rat sciatic nerve has been proposed as a model for the study of allodynia and hyperalgesia. This pain hypersensitivity results from both an increase in the peripheral and central sensitization. The evidence indicating that the development of neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia requires activation of spinal cord NMDA receptors. NMD...

the n-methyl-d-aspartic acid (nmda) receptor is one of the specific types of ionotropic receptors which lied to glutaminergic system. it has been widely accepted that nmda receptor neurons promote anxiety, in humans as well as in animal models. however, in the previous study seems inhibiting of this receptors decreased the protective role in neural cell. demonstration of nmda receptor activity ...

objective(s): we aimed to examine association of gene expression of mor1 and glun1 at mrna level in the lumbosacral cord and midbrain with morphine tolerance in male wistar rats. materials and methods: analgesic effects of morphine administrated intraperitoneally at doses of 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg were examined using a hot plate test in rats with and without a history of 15 days morphine (10 mg...

It is well established that the NMDA receptor antagonists block hippocampal long-term potentiation and impair acquisition in the Morris watermaze task, although the role of individual NMDA receptor subtypes is largely unknown. In the present study, we compared the effects of (+/-)-CP-101,606, an antagonist selective for NMDA receptor NR1/NR2B subunit-containing receptors and the nonselective NM...

Loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a hallmark of many ophthalmic diseases including glaucoma, retinal ischemia due to central artery occlusion, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and may be significant in optic neuritis, optic nerve trauma, and AIDS. Recent research indicates that neurotoxicity is caused by excessive stimulation of receptors for excitatory amino acids (EAAs). In particula...

NMDA receptors mediate excitatory postsynaptic potentials throughout the brain but, paradoxically, NMDA receptor antagonists produce cortical excitation in humans and behaving rodents. To elucidate a mechanism for these diverging effects, we examined the effect of use-dependent inhibition of NMDA receptors on the spontaneous activity of putative GABA interneurons and pyramidal neurons in the pr...