There is limited information available on the evaluation of placebo or nocebo effects itch. The present study developed a search strategy using PubMed to evaluate literature related and/or identified 65 articles. After independent review each article, 10 studies were selected for inclusion. These varied, in terms methods and outcome measures. Overall, verbal suggestion, conditioning, topical th...

It is well-known that placebo is a substance without medical effects, which benefits the health status because of the patient's belief that the substance is effective and that the nocebo is defined as a substance without medical effects but which worsenes the health status of the person taking it by the negative beliefs and expectations of the patient. Starting with the history of the placebo e...

INTRODUCTION Patients require an accurate knowledge about placebos and their possible effects to ensure consent for placebo-controlled clinical trials is adequately informed. However, few previous studies have explored patients' baseline (ie, pretrial recruitment) levels of understanding and knowledge about placebos. The present online survey aimed to assess knowledge about placebos among patie...