The generalizedNash equilibriumproblem (GNEP) is an extension of the standardNash equilibriumproblem (NEP), in which each player’s strategy set may depend on the rival player’s strategies. In this paper, we present two descent type methods.The algorithms are based on a reformulation of the generalized Nash equilibrium using Nikaido-Isoda function as unconstrained optimization. We prove that our...

A brief background at the outset of the research meandered through Malaya, which was what the country was known earlier, then to her independence, and later to her identity as Malaysia in 1963. The major economic problem facing the Malays then was that they seemed to lag behind the immigrant races of Chinese and Indians. The Malay economic problem which was not seriously addressed by the leader...

We address the fundamental tradeoff between privacy preservation and high-quality recommendation stemming from a third party. Multiple users submit their ratings to a third party about items they have viewed. The third party aggregates the ratings and generates personalized recommendations for each user. The quality of recommendations for each user depends on submitted rating profiles from all ...

2014 Two new types of superconducting infrared bolometer are described. In one, the temperature dependent Josephson current in an SNS junction is measured with a SQUID galvanometer. In the other, the temperature-dependent quasiparticle tunneling current in an SIN junction is measured with a conventional fet amplifier. Either type of junction is deposited on a low heat capacity sapphire substrat...

Recently, a new decoding rule called jar decoding was proposed, under which the decoder first forms a set of suitable size, called a jar, consisting of sequences from the channel input alphabet considered to be closely related to the received channel output sequence through the channel, and then takes any codeword from the jar as the estimate of the transmitted codeword; under jar decoding, a n...

Fracture apertures play a significant role in groundwater systems. For proper groundwater quantity and contamination management, fractures have to be properly characterised. However, due to their complexity, fracture characterisation is one of the main challenges for hydrogeologists all over the world. This is particularly important in South Africa, where aquifers are predominantly fractured. T...

We have developed high speed gated-mode single-photon counters based on InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes for use at 1.55μm wavelength. Operation at room temperature allows afterpulse probability to be below 0.2% for gate rates up to 14 MHz. We obtained optimum noise-equivalent power of 2.2× 10−15W/Hz1/2 at 14% quantum efficiency with dark-count probability of 0.2%. We propose a metric (noise-eq...

Environmental ethics and attitudes may be an important source of heterogeneity when considering the welfare effects and equity implications of policy changes dealing with environment and natural resources. The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale is a set of 15 likert questions and is intended to indicate whether an individual holds pro-environmental or anti-environmental beliefs. This paper pro...

A process-based ecosystemmodel (Vegetationeatmosphere Interface Processes (VIP) model) is expanded, and then validated against three years’ biometric, soil moisture and eddy-covariance fluxes data over awinter wheatesummer maize cropping system in the North China Plain (NCP). The results show that the model is capable of simulating satisfactorily the evolution of crop biomass, phenological deve...

This paper presents a numerical entropy production (NEP) scheme for two-dimensional shallow water equations on unstructured triangular grids. We implement NEP as the error indicator for adaptive mesh refinement or coarsening in solving the shallow water equations using a finite volumemethod. Numerical simulations show thatNEP is successful to be a refinement/coarsening indicator in the adaptive...