BACKGROUND Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) due to traveler's diarrhea is the second most common illness seen in post-travel clinics, yet its optimal management remains unknown. We performed a systematic review to evaluate treatment efficacy in PI-IBS. METHODS We searched Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, CAB abstracts, and the Cochrane Library to February 3, 2014 for interven...

Procedural sedation may be needed in many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children. To make pediatric procedural sedation as safe as possible, protocols should be developed by institutions. Response to sedation in children is highly variable, while some become deeply sedated after minimal doses, others may need much higher doses. Child developmental status, clinical circumstances and c...

Background: Dry eye (DE) is a multifactorial disorder that can influence tear production, functional visual acuity and ultimately increase the osmolarity of film. The prevalence DE ranges from 7% to 33% across world. However, best our knowledge, range in Arab countries not precisely documented literature. Aim: aim this article was determine DE, investigate major risk factors identify clinical d...

Distal esophageal spasm is characterized by premature contractions of the distal smooth muscle leading to non-obstructive dysphagia and non-cardiac chest pain. Diagnosis requires presence symptoms along with evidence at least 20% in setting a normal lower sphincter relaxation on high-resolution manometry. New updates Chicago Classification have improved diagnostic accuracy this method. Function...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in pediatric age group parallel to the growing prevalence of obesity and overweight all around the world. So changing in life style and   interventions on obesogenic environment is cornerstone of NAFLD therapy in obese children. Some experts recommend that children and adolescents be encouraged to follow a low-fat, low-glycemic-index diet t...

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most commonly encountered arrhythmia in clinical practice, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Of great significance are heart failure and stroke.1 With increased incidence and prevalence of AF, it represents a growing clinical and economic burden. AF is also a progressive disease secondary to continuous structural remodeling of the atria becaus...

INTRODUCTION Patient agitation represents a significant challenge in the emergency department (ED), a setting in which medical staff are working under pressure dealing with a diverse range of medical emergencies. The potential for escalation into aggressive behavior, putting patients, staff, and others at risk, makes it imperative to address agitated behavior rapidly and efficiently. Time const...