In continuummechanics, the non-centrosymmetric micropolar theory is usually used to capture the chirality inherent in materials. However, when reduced to a two dimensional (2D) isotropic problem, the resulting model becomes non-chiral. Therefore, influence of the chiral effect cannot be properly characterized by existing theories for 2D chiral solids. To circumvent this difficulty, based on rei...

AIM To investigate the effect of fasting times for clear fluids and solids/non-clear fluids on gastric content volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic MRI under deep propofol sedation, with the stomach located within the area of diagnostic study, were included in this clinical observational study. According to standard institutional guid...

Solids are distinguished from fluids by their ability to resist shear. In traditional solids, the resistance to shear is associated with the emergence of broken translational symmetry as exhibited by a nonuniform density pattern. In this work, we focus on the emergence of shear rigidity in a class of solids where this paradigm is challenged. Dry granular materials have no energetically or entro...

BACKGROUND Various nutrients are known to alter small intestinal motility patterns although their effect on transit of fluids and solids in man is not clear. AIMS To determine small intestinal transit of solids and liquids during perfusion with lipids, protein, and non-energy solutions. METHODS Twenty eight healthy volunteers received a jejunal infusion (1 ml/minute for 30 minutes) of one o...

Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets obtained by exfoliating inorganic layered crystals have emerged as a new class of materials with unique attributes. One of the critical challenges is to develop robust and versatile methods for creating new nanostructures from these 2D-nanosheets. Here we report the delamination of layered materials that belonging to two different classes--the cationic clay, mont...

Launched before the atomic hypothesis took hold, elasticity theory is a spectacular achievement. A continuum-level description, it provides a powerful toolkit for determining how architecturally simple solids such as crystals respond macroscopically to stress, whilst encoding microscopic, atomic-realm details parsimoniously, via a few parameters. Solids that are architecturally complex at the a...

We study the dependence of the heat transfer between two semi-infinite solids on the dielectric properties of the bodies. We show that the heat transfer at short separation between the solids may increase by many order of magnitude when the surfaces are covered by adsor-bates, or can support low-frequency surface plasmons. In this case the heat transfer is determined by resonant photon tunnelin...

2014 The interest of the scanning acoustic microscope previously demonstrated in the biomedical field is extended to microelectronic applications. The properties of penetrating and focusing of acoustic waves in solids are particularly suitable for non destructive observation of surface and subsurface of solid state structure and device such as integrated circuit, epitaxial, implanted and diffus...

in this article the general non-symmetric parametric form of the incremental secant stiffness matrix for nonlinear analysis of solids have been investigated to present a semi analytical sensitivity analysis approach for geometric nonlinear shape optimization. to approach this aim the analytical formulas of secant stiffness matrix are presented. the models were validated and used to perform inve...