Understanding enzyme-substrate interactions is critical in designing strategies for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study we monitored molecular events, in situ and in real time, including the adsorption and desorption of cellulolytic enzymes on lignins and cellulose, by using quartz crystal microgravimetry and surface plasmon resonance. The effect of a nonionic surface active...

Studies that used prolonged contrast media infusion in canine arteries have generated controversy regarding the arrhythmogenic potential of low osmolarity, nonionic contrast agents. In order to establish the relative safety of these agents in the more typical setting of bolus injections, 4 ml intracoronary bolus injections of Hypaque-76 (n = 54), Iohexol-350 (n = 51), and Iohexol-140 (n = 51) w...

β-diketonates are customary bidentate ligands in highly luminescent ternary europium complexes, such as Eu(β-diketonate)3(L)2, where L stands for a nonionic ligand. Usually, the syntheses of these complexes start by adding, to an europium salt such as EuCl3(H2O)6, three equivalents of β-diketonate ligands to form the complexes Eu(β-diketonate)3(H2O)2. The nonionic ligands are subsequently added...

-Anaerobic biodegradation and inhibitory effects of nonionic and anionic surfactants on methanogenic fermentation were tested in incubation experiments with anoxic sediment samples and sewage sludge. Alkylsulfonates and alkylbenzenesulfonates were not degraded but inhibited methanogenesis from sludge constituents at concentrations 1> 10 mg l-k Sodium dodecylsulfate was at least partly degraded ...

With cutaneously applied local anesthetic bases various effects may be observed, such as a decrease in pricking pain and a change in burning, itch, and thermal sensations. These effects occur after skin penetration and may be attributed to the action of the anesthetics on nociceptors and thermoreceptors, i.e., on C and A delta nerve fibers, respectively. As little is known about the pharmacodyn...

BACKGROUND Silicone oil, as a major component in conditioner, is beneficial in the moisture preservation and lubrication of hair. However, it is difficult for silicone oil to directly absorb on the hair surface because of its hydrophobicity. Stable nanoemulsions containing silicone oil may present as a potential solution to this problem. METHODS Silicone oil nanoemulsions were prepared using ...

Washing is one of the common technologies in the chlorinated organic pollution site repair, surfactant adding would help washing more chlorinated organics pollution, but it also can be dissolved in eluent with the chlorinated organic together, and increase the difficulty of the eluent treatment. In this text, three surfactants, anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, SDBS), cation...

Because of the escalating number of patients on dialysis and the increased use of vascular access surveillance, more and more hemodialysis patients are undergoing angiographic procedures for angioplasty and thrombectomy of their vascular access. Such procedures expose these patients to radiographic contrast agents (RCAs). Even though, newer low-osmolar and iso-osmolar nonionic RCAs, which are a...

AIM To explore the possibility of brain imaging by microcomputed tomography (microCT) using x-ray contrasting methods to visualize mouse brain ischemic lesions after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS Isolated brains were immersed in ionic or nonionic radio contrast agent (RCA) for 5 days and subsequently scanned using microCT scanner. To verify whether ex-vivo microCT brain ima...

Meta-aminobenzoic acid, an important model system in the study of polymorphism and crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients, exist in water in both the nonionic (mABA) and zwitterionic (mABA±) forms. However, the constituent molecules of the polymorph that crystallizes from aqueous solutions are zwitterionic. This study reports atomistic simulations of the events surrounding the ear...