The optical second harmonic generation from a thin magnetic film on a nonmagnetic substrate is theoretically investigated for both sand p-polarized incident light. The contributions of lattice misfit strain as well as of misfit dislocation strain to the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility are described using a nonlinear photoelastic tensor, together with the contribution of magnetizat...

a constitutive model based on two–dimensional unstructured galerkin finite volume method (gfvm) is introduced and applied for analyzing nonlinear behavior of cracked concrete structures in equilibrium condition. the developed iterative solver treats concrete as an orthotropic nonlinear material and considers the softening and hardening behavior of concrete under compression and tension by using...

This article describes coherent gradient sensing ~CGS! as an optical, full-field, real-time, nonintrusive, and noncontact technique for the measurement of curvatures and nonuniform curvature changes in film–substrate systems. The technique is applied to the study of curvature fields in thin Al films ~6 mm! deposited on thin circular silicon wafers ~105 mm! of ‘‘large’’ in-plane dimensions ~50.8...

in this paper, two new quadrilateral elements are formulated to solve plane problems. low sensitivity to geometric distortion, no parasitic shear error, rotational invariance, and satisfying the felippa pure bending test are characteristics of these suggested elements. one proposed element is formulated by establishing equilibrium equations for the second-order strain field. the other suggested...

  Ten field isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) from different geographical areas of Iran were analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). RAPD analysis produced reproducible banding patterns on the basis of which various distinct amplification patterns could be detected. MG isolates compared with reference strains (S6 and Mg SS) and vaccine strain (ts-11) and demonstrated...