Rice stripe virus (RSV), a tenuivirus, is transmitted by small brown planthopper (SBPH) in a persistent-propagative manner. In this study, sequential infection of RSV in the internal organs of SBPH after ingestion of virus indicated that RSV initially infected the midgut epithelium, and then progressed to the visceral muscle tissues, through which RSV spread to the entire alimentary canal. Fina...

Avian influenza (AI) is a highly contagious and rapidly evolving pathogen of major concern to the poultry industry and human health. Rapid and accurate detection of avian influenza virus is a necessary tool for control of outbreaks and surveillance. The AI virus A/Chicken/Malaysia/5858/2004 (H5N1) was used as a template to produce DNA clones of the full-length NS1 genes via reverse transcriptas...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B), a poorly characterized integral membrane protein, is thought to function as a scaffold for replication complex assembly; however, functional interactions with the other HCV nonstructural proteins within this complex have not been defined. We report that a Con1 chimeric subgenomic replicon containing the NS4B gene from the closely related ...

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) production system consists of transfecting the human hepatoma cell line Huh7 with genomic HCV RNA (JFH1). To monitor HCV replication by fluorescence microscopy, we constructed a recombinant HCV clone expressing Azami-Green (mAG), a bright green fluorescent protein, by inserting the mAG gene into the nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) gene; the resultant clone was design...

materials and methods a total of 300 day-old broiler chicks (ross 308) divided into three equal groups (1 to 3) .the chicks in group 1 were immunized with killed aiv h9n2. the chicks in group 2 were infected with ai virus subtype h9n2. the chicks in group 3 were kept as controls and did not receive any vaccined or lived virus. chicks sera were collected at day 42 usingrns1-elisa and commercial ...

Numerous T4-like Escherichia coli phages were isolated from human stool and environmental wastewater samples in Bangladesh and Switzerland. The sequences of the major head gene (g23) revealed that these coliphages could be placed into four subgroups, represented by the phages T4, RB69, RB49, and JS98. Thus, JS98 defines a new major subgroup of E. coli T4-like phages. We conducted an analysis of...

Molecular characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus pair 13 revealed that isolate CP13 is composed of a cytopathogenic (cp) defective interfering particle (DI13) and a noncytopathogenic (noncp) helper virus. The DI13 genome possesses two internal deletions of 1,611 and 3,102 nucleotides. Except for a small fragment of the gene coding for glycoprotein E1, all structural protein genes are d...

A rotavirus (RV) nonstructural protein, NSP4, has recently been proposed to function as an enterotoxin in the pathogenesis of RV diarrhea. The role of NSP4 in the pathogenesis of RV diarrhea was examined by infecting cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) knockout mice with virulent murine RV and by comparing deduced amino acid sequences of RV gene 10 encoding NSP4 from thre...

The genome of influenza virus consists of eight segments of single-stranded RNA, each of which encodes a different polypeptide. In addition to the eight recognized gene products, the virus specifies a distinct smaller nonstructural polypeptide (NS2), which is translated from a separate species of virus-specific mRNA. The location on the virus genome of the gene encoding this polypeptide was inv...

Several malignant tumor cells become apoptotic and revert to the benign phenotype upon parvovirus infection. Recently, we demonstrated that the rat parvovirus RPV/UT also induces apoptosis in the rat thymic lymphoma cell line C58(NT)D. However, a minority of cells that escaped apoptosis showed properties different from the parental cells, such as resistance to apoptosis, enhanced cell adherence...