Many normative political theorists have engaged in the systematic collection and/or analysis of empirical data to inform development their arguments over past several decades. Yet, approach they employ has typically not been treated as a distinctive mode theorizing. It mostly overlooked surveys theory methods and methodologies, well by those critics who assert that is too abstracted from actual...

This study has adopted and refined Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior, theory of reasoned action, and the value–belief–norm theory by Stern et al. to investigate the effects of normative beliefs, attitudes, and social norms on pro-environmental behavioral intentions. A total of 391 valid responses were collected from visitors to a theme park in Taiwan. A structure equation analysis indicated th...

There has been virtually no previous study discussing how external pressures impel banks to stay compliant. These external pressures could be a compelling force driving banks to comply. Hinged on the Neo-Institutional Theory (NIT), this study examines how the external pressures, namely, regulative, normative, and cognitive expectations, drive banks to comply. The research findings reveal that i...

This study contributes to the literature on Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosure (CSED hereafter) in the developing countries by exploring various influential factors for CSED and grouping them into three categories: normative, interest, and company groups (Solomon and Lewis 2002). These categories can create normative, coercive, and mimetic pressure respectively for a company to adapt...

Over the past decade, neuroeconomics studies utilizing neurophysiology methods (fMRI or EEG) have flourished, revealing the neural basis of 'boundedly rational' or 'irrational' decision-making that violates normative theory. The next question is how modulatory neurotransmission is involved in these central processes. Here I focused on recent efforts to understand how central monoamine transmiss...

There exists no satisfactory theory of risk in current normative decision theories. Notions based on utility curvature, loss aversion and probability weighting are derivative, cannot be applied to nonnumerical consequences, and are not psychologically intuitive. I develop Pure Risk theory which resolves these problems – it is consistent with existing normative theories, and both internalises an...

This paper examines behavioral economics’ use of the positive-normative distinction in its critique of standard rational choice theory as normative, and argues that it departs from Robbins’ understanding of that distinction in ways that suggest behavioral economists themselves do not observe that distinction. One implication of this is that behavioral economists generally do not recognize Putna...

The music downloading phenomenon presents a unique opportunity to examine normative influences on media consumption behavior. Downloaders face moral, legal, and ethical quandaries that can be conceptualized as normative influences within the self-regulatory mechanism of social cognitive theory. The music industry hopes to eliminate illegal file sharing and to divert illegal downloaders to pay s...

The aim of this study was to synthesize the concepts from empirical studies and analyze, compare and interrelate them with normative ethics. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) and the Health and Medical Service Act are normative ethics. Five concepts were used in the analysis; three from the grounded theory studies and two from the theoretical framework on normative ethics. A simultaneou...