Human norovirus (NoV) is reportedly the major cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide and is commonly associated with water- and food-borne transmission via the faecal-oral route. Aside from humans, norovirus has been detected in pigs, cattle and mice. The close relatedness of some human and animal noroviruses has raised concerns about potential zoonotic transmission. Our lab...

Norovirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis in all ages. Typical infections cause viral shedding periods of days to weeks, but some individuals can shed for months or years. Most norovirus risk models do not include these long-shedding individuals, and may therefore underestimate risk. We reviewed the literature for norovirus-shedding duration data and stratified these data into two distribu...

BACKGROUND Norovirus infection is increasingly recognized as an important cause of persistent gastroenteritis in immunocompromised hosts and can be a potential cause of morbidity in these populations. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a case of norovirus-related chronic diarrhea occurring in a 62-year-old immunocompromised patient treated with alemtuzumab for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Des...

Human noroviruses are the primary cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis. The worldwide high morbidity and mortality associated with norovirus infections, particularly among the elderly, immunocompromised patients and children, constitute a serious public health concern. There are currently no approved human vaccines or norovirus-specific small-molecule therapeutics or prophylacti...

BACKGROUND In children, the most significant cause of rhabdomyolysis or muscle breakdown is viral infection. However, there are no reports that norovirus, a gastroenteric virus that commonly infects children, specifically causes rhabdomyolysis. Here, we report the first pediatric case of norovirus-associated rhabdomyolysis. CASE PRESENTATION The patient, a 2-year-old boy with fever, diarrhea,...

Since early November 2016, the number of laboratory-confirmed norovirus infections reported in Germany has been increasing steeply. Here, we report the detection and genetic characterisation of an emerging norovirus recombinant, GII.P16-GII.2. This strain was frequently identified as the cause of sporadic cases as well as outbreaks in nine federal states of Germany. Our findings suggest that th...

1. Green KY. Caliciviridae: the noroviruses. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE, Lamb RA, Martin MA, et al, editors. Fields virology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 949–79. 2. van Beek J, Ambert-Balay K, Botteldoorn N, Eden J, Fonager J, Hewitt J, et al. Indications for worldwide increased norovirus activity associated with emergence of a new variant ...

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the number one cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide resulting in a significant morbidity and mortality all age groups. However, despite medical relevance HuNoV, effective treatment against norovirus infection is yet to be developed. In this study, we investigated anti-Noroviral activity Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) calyces Zanthoxylum armatum (ZA) seeds using murin...

The clinical features of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) were studied retrospectively in 62 patients hospitalized (Jan 2000-March 2006) at St Mary's Hospital, Kurume City, Japan. Viral infections confirmed in 71% of fecal specimens were rotavirus in 30 patients, norovirus in 9, sapovirus in 2, adenovirus in 2, and coxsackievirus A4 in 1. Age of patients with norovirus (16.7 +...

Globally, norovirus is associated with approximately one-fifth of all diarrhea cases, with similar prevalence in both children and adults, and is estimated to cause over 200,000 deaths annually in developing countries. Norovirus is an important pathogen in a number of high-priority domains: it is the most common cause of diarrheal episodes globally, the principal cause of foodborne disease outb...