This paper explores the deterministic transistor reordering in low-voltage dynamic BiCMOS logic gates, for reducing the dynamic power dissipation. The constraints of load driving (discharging) capability and NPN turn-on delay for MOSFET reordered structures has been carefully considered. Simulations shows significant reduction in the dynamic power dissipation for the transistor reordered BiCMOS...

We explore the chiral transmission of electrons across graphene heterojunctions for electronic switching using gate geometry alone. A sequence of gates is used to collimate and orthogonalize the chiral transmission lobes across multiple junctions, resulting in negligible overall current. The resistance of the device is enhanced by several orders of magnitude by biasing the gates into the bipola...

We previously demonstrated (M. M. Exner, P. Doig, T. J. Trust, and R. E. W. Hancock, Infect. Immun. 63:1567-1572, 1995) that Helicobacter pylori has at least one nonspecific porin, HopE, which has a low abundance in the outer membrane but forms large channels. H. pylori is relatively susceptible to most antimicrobial agents but less susceptible to the polycationic antibiotic polymyxin B. We dem...

Unique stomach physiology allows ruminants to utilise any form of dietary nitrogen (N) as a protein source. Ruminant N requirements can be divided into for microbial fermentation and host amino acids. diets often contain non-protein (NPN) compounds, group components that are not proteins but converted by rumen microbes. Therefore, NPN compounds in ruminant serve alternative sources ammoniacal (...

We investigated the role of passive volcanic plume Mount Etna (Italy) in formation new particles size range 2.5–10 nm through gas-to-particle nucleation sulfuric acid (H2SO4) precursors, formed from oxidation SO2, and their evolution to with diameters larger than 100 nm. Two simulations were performed using Weather Research Forecasting Model coupled chemistry (WRF-Chem) under same configuration...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus play an important role in reproductive function. These cells originate in the nasal compartment and migrate into the basal forebrain in association with olfactory/vomeronasal nerves in embryonic life in rodents. Here, we studied the role of neuropilins and their ligands, semaphorins, in the development of the olfactory-GnRH syste...

BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a frequent complication of chronic HIV infection. We prospectively studied individuals with primary HIV infection (<1 year after transmission) to assess the presence of and laboratory associations with PN in this early stage. METHODS Standardized examination and analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed in participants with laborato...

Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares to quantify effects of nonprotein N (NPN) content of alfalfa silage (AS) and red clover silage (RCS) on omasal nutrient flows. Diets, fed as total mixed rations, contained 50% dry matter from control AS (CAS), ammonium tetraform...