B.I. Jugdutt and N.S. Dhalla (eds.), Cardiac Remodeling: Molecular Mechanisms, Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease 5, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-5930-9_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract The potassium channel is a major target of remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy. To maintain physiological cardiac function in the face of increased workloads, hypertrophied cardiac...

Differentiation of epithelial cells is required to define tissue architecture and appropriate function of these cells is associated with a specific pattern of gene expression. DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and chromatin remodeling are nuclear mechanisms implicated in epigenetic control of gene expression. All factors relevant to tissue differentiation, including c...

During development, neurons switch among growth states, such as initial axon outgrowth, axon pruning, and regrowth. By studying the stereotypic remodeling of the Drosophila mushroom body (MB), we found that the heme-binding nuclear receptor E75 is dispensable for initial axon outgrowth of MB γ neurons but is required for their developmental regrowth. Genetic experiments and pharmacological mani...

Defects in the biogenesis of the spindle pole body (SPB), the yeast centrosome equivalent, can lead to monopolar spindles and mitotic catastrophe. The KASH domain protein Kms2 and the SUN domain protein Sad1 colocalize within the nuclear envelope at the site of SPB attachment during interphase and at the spindle poles during mitosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that Kms2 interacts with...

The requirement of a metalloprotease, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) for the growth of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated in vitro. However, whether this metalloprotease is responsible for vascular remodeling in vivo remains unanswered. Rat carotid arteries were analyzed 2 weeks after a balloon angioplasty. The neointimal cells were strongly positive for ...

Proliferation, migration, and the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in remodeling induced by hypertension. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), active ingredient Astragalus membranaceus, has been shown to exert a beneficial cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed investigate mechanism responsible for protective effects AS-IV on hypertension-induced re...

Changes in nuclear size and shape during the cell cycle or during development require coordinated nuclear membrane remodeling, but the underlying molecular events are largely unknown. We have shown previously that the activity of the conserved phosphatidate phosphatase Pah1p/Smp2p regulates nuclear structure in yeast by controlling phospholipid synthesis and membrane biogenesis at the nuclear e...

RATIONALE Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors drive the genetic reprogramming that precipitates pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms, such as HDAC5, act as signal-responsive repressors of MEF2 activity in cardiac myocytes and their nuclear export provides a key mechanism for the neurohormonal induction of such activity....