Objectives: The aims of the study were to analyse whether electively induced labour place the mother or her fetus at an increased risk as compared to patients in spontaneous labour and also to quantify the risk of caesarean section in the induced group. Methods: A prospective analysis comparing 150 electively induced parturients with 150 matched controls who laboured spontaneously in Gian Sagar...

Breast cancer is the most common female malignant disease in the western countries where a woman's lifetime risk of developing the disease is more than 10%. Nulliparity or use of hormonal replacement therapy, strong family history, or a history of therapeutic thoracic radiation are considerable high risk factors for the development of breast cancer. Nowadays more new effective therapeutic agent...

Hyperemesis gravidarum is defined as presence of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that affect 50-90% of all pregnant women, seen in the first trimester. Hyperemesis gravidarum often presents with maternal weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, and nutritional abnormalities. It is the most common reason for hospitalization during the first trimester of pregnancy. The risk factors for the disease ar...

OBJECTIVE To compare maternal morbidity in HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant women. METHODS Major maternal morbidity (severe febrile illness, illnesses requiring hospital admissions, surgical revisions, or illnesses resulting in death) was measured prospectively in a cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected women followed from 36 weeks of pregnancy to 6 weeks after delivery. Odds ratios of ma...

The Maternal and Infant Mortality Survey (MIMS) was conducted in eight squatter settlements of Karachi. The female mortality rate was 151.0 per 100,000 women aged 10-49 years and the maternal mortality ratio was 281 per 100,000 livebirths. The leading causes of deaths among women were complications of pregnancy (28.1%), infectious diseases (24.8%), cardiovascular diseases (20.7%), neoplasia (10...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Duration of labor varies from one pregnancy to another and a period of less than 12 hours is regarded as normal. Modern obstetric practice involves active management of labor with the aim of preventing prolonged labor and its sequelae. The main objective of this study was to determine and compare the average duration of labor of spontaneous onset between nulliparas (Po) and...

Women who have inherited a germ-line mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genes have a greatly increased risk of developing breast cancer compared with the general population. However, there is also substantial interindividual variability in the occurrence of breast cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. We hypothesize that genes involved in endocrine signaling may modify the BRCA1/2-assoc...

The objective of this article is to determine through meta-analysis of published literature whether active management of labor lowers the cesarean delivery rate for dystocia in nulliparas. Using MEDLINE and reference citations to 1966, 18 published reports in English on active management of labor were identified. Selection criteria for five selected studies included: tenets of active management...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rate of poor pregnancy outcome among nulliparas who had microalbuminuria at the end of the second trimester of their pregnancy. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed on 490 nulliparous women who were at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy. Urine tests for albuminuria and creatinine measurements were performed in all women and the albumin to creati...