Background and Objectives: During Ramadan, the ninth month in the Islamic calendar, Muslims abstain from eating and drinking from sunrise adhaan to sunset adhaan. This long fasting period can cause change in certain metabolic and hormonal indices and affect eating behaviors and nutrient intake. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess nutrient intake in fasting people in Qom, Iran. ...

M icroclimate is the suite of climatic conditions measured in localized areas near the earth's surface (Geiger 1965). These environmental variables, which include temperature, light, wind speed, and moisture, have been critical throughout human history, providing meaningful indicators for habitat selection and other activities. For example, for 2600 years the Chinese have used localized seasona...

Ship recycling has been playing as a catalyst role for the economy of Bangladesh by supporting steel industry, shipbuilding industry and other industries and it has also been generating huge employments for the country. But, existing problems of this industry in terms of safety, health and environmental issues bring negative image for the country sometimes. This paper is aimed to identify the u...

Declining net primary production (NPP) with forest age is often attributed to a corresponding decline in gross primary production (GPP). We tested two hypotheses explaining the decline of GPP in ageing stands (14-115 years old) of Pinus taeda L.: (1) increasing N limitation limits photosynthetic capacity and thus decreases GPP with increasing age; and (2) hydraulic limitations increasingly indu...

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in...

Supervisory Soil Scientist, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Tempe, Arizona; and Soil Microbiologist, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Glendora, California. The weathering of parent rock may be an important source of some nutrients. The rates of weathering of the different parent rock materials vary and affect the inherent fertility and productivity of a...

OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to apply experimental economic methods in an online supermarket to examine the effects of nutrient profiling, and differential pricing based on the nutrient profile, on the overall diet quality, energy and macronutrients of the foods purchased, and diet cost. DESIGN Participants were provided nutrient profiling scores or price adjustments based on n...

The paper will analyse how context affects the real possibilities of building materials’ reuse and recycling. A deconstruction Case Study in Southern Italy of some big residential buildings gives the opportunity to verify the deconstruction thesis in a real context, to study alternative scenarios to assess the most advantageous one in economic and environmental terms, and to define the profiles...