INTRODUCTION In this study, we investigated the role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the ventral hippocampus (VH) and their possible interactions with GABAA system on anxiety-like behaviors. METHODS We used an elevated-plus maze test (EPM) to assess anxiety-like behaviors and locomotor activity in male Wistar rats. RESULTS The results showed that intra-VH infusions of different ...

Otoacoustic emissions provide unambiguous evidence that the cochlea supports energy propagation both towards, and away from, the stapes. The standard wave model for energy transport and cochlear mechanical amplification provides for compressional and inertial waves to transport this energy, the compressional wave through the fluids and the inertial wave along the basilar membrane via fluid coup...

The Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE; ∼ 183 million y ago) is possibly the most extreme episode of widespread ocean oxygen deficiency in the Phanerozoic, coinciding with rapid atmospheric pCO2 increase and significant loss of biodiversity in marine faunas. The event is a unique past tipping point in the Earth system, where rapid and massive release of isotopically light carbon led to a majo...

Newborn hearing screening is an established healthcare standard in many countries and testing is feasible using otoacoustic emission (OAE) recording. It is well documented that OAEs can be suppressed by acoustic stimulation of the ear contralateral to the test ear. In clinical otoacoustic emission testing carried out in a sound attenuating booth, ambient noise levels are low such that the effer...

The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. As studies of the olivocochlear (OC) efferent system have matured, issues have been identified that need to be taken into account in the design of new studies and in the interpretation of existing work. The need for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), multiple alternation...

As an inverse problem, understanding otoacoustic emission (OAE) generation presents a singular challenge. Various theoretical frameworks have been highly successful in providing explanatory power, yet fundamental questions remain. For example, why do such disparate inner ear morphologies across animal classes, which presumably strongly affect the underlying biomechanics, give rise to relatively...

2. A tuning fork test is used to assess the type of hearing loss, whereas a pure tone audiometry (PTA) should be done to confirm and document the type and severity of the HL. In this case, PTA was consistent with profound right HL and severe-toprofound left HL, with features of mixed HL in at least in one ear (Figure 2). In this PTA, bone conduction had only been done on the left ear as the pat...

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Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a proposed method for removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere by accelerated weathering of (ultra-)basic minerals to increase – chemical capacity seawater store CO2. During OAE-relevant relatively large amounts trace metals will be released and may perturb pelagic ecosystems. Nickel (Ni) particular concern as it abundant in olivine, one ...