Fifty patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy were included in this retrospective study which compared visual assessment of gait to three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis. Inter-observer variability was evaluated as well. Inclusion criteria comprehended independent ambulation (i.e. without assistive devices or orthoses). All subjects went through 3D gait analysis at the Gait Analysis Labora...

[1] The consequences of the hypothesis that Milankovitch forcing affects the phase (e.g., termination times) of the 100 kyr glacial cycles via a mechanism known as ‘‘nonlinear phase locking’’ are examined. Phase locking provides a mechanism by which Milankovitch forcing can act as the ‘‘pacemaker’’ of the glacial cycles. Nonlinear phase locking can determine the timing of the major deglaciation...

Mars' polar layered deposits record its climate history. However, no deposit yet analyzed provides a global water cycle that can be tied to specific orbital Here, I fill this gap by analyzing H2O ice layer formation in south Massive CO2 Ice Deposit (MCID), 510,000-year record. Statistical analyses of ∼109 model runs compared observed stratigraphy indicate variable deposition rate ∼1, 0.1, and 0...

We have analysed retrospectively the relationship between the axial parameters of alignment of the lower limb and the recurrence of varus deformity after high tibial osteotomy. We studied 29 patients (37 knees) with a mean age at surgery of 66 years. The mean follow-up was for 7.4 years (5 to 10.5). Recurrence of varus deformity was defined as an increase in the femorotibial angle of 3 degrees ...

Palaeomagnetism of climatically sensitive sedimentary rock types, such as glacial deposits and evaporites, can test the uniformitarianism of ancient geomagnetic fields and palaeoclimate zones. Proterozoic glacial deposits laid down in near-equatorial palaeomagnetic latitudes can be explained by ‘snowball Earth’ episodes, high orbital obliquity or markedly non-uniformitarian geomagnetic fields. ...

Objective. To determine if gait waveform could discriminate children with diplegic cerebral palsy of the GMFCS levels I and II. Patients. Twenty-two children with diplegia, 11 classified as level I and 11 as level II of the GMFCS, aged 7 to 12 years. Methods. Gait kinematics included angular displacement of the pelvis and lower limb joints during the stance phase. Principal components (PCs) ana...

Empirical constraints on orbital gravitational solutions for the Solar System can be derived from the Earth's geological record of past climates. Lithologically based paleoclimate data from the thick, coal-bearing, fluvial-lacustrine sequences of the Junggar Basin of Northwestern China (paleolatitude ∼60°) show that climate variability of the warm and glacier-free high latitudes of the latest T...

Mid-latitude pedestal craters on Mars offer crucial insights into the timing and extent of widespread icerich deposits during the Amazonian period. Our previous comprehensive analysis of pedestal craters strongly supports a climate-related formation mechanism, whereby pedestals result from impacts into ice-rich material at mid latitudes during periods of higher obliquity. The ice from this targ...

Ceres is the most massive body of the asteroid belt and contains about 25 wt.% (weight percent) of water. Understanding its thermal evolution and assessing its current state are major goals of the Dawn Mission. Constraints on its internal structure can be inferred from various observations. Especially, detailed knowledge of the rotational motion can help constrain the mass distribution inside t...

We present a high-resolution, 116,000-year carbon stable isotope record from a stalagmite from southern Brazil, which has been precisely dated using the U-series method. Evaluation of carbon and oxygen isotope ratios together with the speleothem growth history suggest that the carbon isotopic composition of the speleothem is primarily controlled by biogenic CO2 supply from the soil, which is in...