In these lectures, I discuss the role of symmetries in particle physics. I begin by discussing global symmetries and show that they can be realized differently in nature, depending on whether or not the vacuum state is left invariant by the symmetry. I introduce next the notion of local symmetries and show how these symmetries can be implemented through the introduction of gauge fields. Using t...

Companies regularly rush to emerging markets due to the high potential for growth. However, these markets may be impacted by a multitude of factors. Managers need to be aware of global entanglements as well as influences from other markets; and perhaps more importantly how to identify and solve these possible problems. There currently exists a void in research of perpetually available decision-...

We investigated inter-observer agreement and the reliability of self-reported emotion ratings (i.e., self-raters judging their own emotions) in spontaneous multimodal emotion data. During a multiplayer video game, vocal and facial expressions were recorded (including the game content itself) and were annotated by the players themselves on arousal and valence scales. In a perception experiment, ...

The concept of invariance for Parameterised Boolean Equation Systems (PBESs) is studied in greater detail. We identify an issue with the associated theory and fix this problem by proposing a stronger notion of invariance called global invariance. A precise correspondence is proven between the solution of a PBES and the solution of its invariantstrengthened version; this enables one to exploit g...

Attenuation relation (Ground-motion prediction equation) The term “attenuation relation” is a former short-hand notation in earthquake engineering for “empirical ground-motion attenuation relationship”, now referred to as “ground-motion prediction equation” (GMPE). Attenuation relations represent empirical scaling equations that relate observed ground-motion intensity measures to parameters of ...

  Background: Knee malalignment is an important modifiable cause of osteoarthritis (OA). Surgical therapeutic procedures depend on proper knee alignment assessment. The purpose of this study was to compare knee alignment parameters between double and single leg weight-bearing radiographs and to evaluate the reproducibility of inter- and intra-observer measurements. Methods: One hundred eight p...

A study on the public's perceptions and conceptions of global environmental changes (GECs) is relevant to guide future educational strategies and management actions. The present study aimed to: (1) evaluate coastal tourists' conceptions and perceptions of GECs; (2) correlate the conceptions presented by tourists about GECs and their self-declared knowledge; (3) evaluate how these tourists perce...

We demonstrate the importance of anisotropic neutrino radiation in the mechanism of corecollapse supernova explosions. Through a new parameter study with a fixed radiation field of neutrinos, we show that global anisotropy of the neutrino radiation is the most effective mechanism of increasing the explosion energy when the total neutrino luminosity is given. We discuss the reason why, and demon...