Rapidly changing global markets have led to unprecedented growth in small business sectors.1 Firms that fall within the category of ‘small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) include micro-enterprises employing under 10 people, small enterprises of 11–50 people, and medium-sized enterprises of 51–250 people. This growth, combined with the prevalence of SMEs in the European Union (99% of organi...

Our understanding of fundamental processes in the solar corona has been greatly progressed based on the space observations of SMM, Yohkoh, Compton GRO, SOHO, TRACE, RHESSI, and STEREO. We observe now acoustic waves, MHD oscillations, turbulence-related line broadening, magnetic configurations related to reconnection processes, and radiation from high-energy particles on a routine basis. We revi...

UK small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are suffering increasing levels of cybersecurity breaches and are a major point of vulnerability in the supply chain networks in which they participate. A key factor for achieving optimal security levels within supply chains is the management and sharing of cybersecurity information associated with specific metrics. Such information sharing schemes am...

We show that a random flow that depends on space and time generates a mode which is damped and move slower than the coherent f-mode as well as possesses properties which are consistent with the recent SOHO/MDI data (Antia & Basu 1999).

We establish that global solar p-mode frequencies can be measured with sufficient precision on time scales as short as nine days to detect activity-related shifts. Using ten years of GONG data, we report that mode-mass and error-weighted frequency shifts derived from nine days are significantly correlated with the strength of solar activity and are consistent with long duration measurements fro...

Against a background of the low engagement of small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in ebusiness, this article investigates the impact of e-aggregation applications, provided by emerging vertical application service providers (VSPs), and defined as “an e-business application, promoted by a trusted third party, which engages a significant number of SMEs by addressing an important shared busin...

Since small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role within many major economies throughout the world, their ability to successfully adopt and utilize the Internet and electronic commerce is of prime importance in ensuring their stability and future survival. In this paper, initial findings will be reported of a study carried out by the authors into the use made of the Internet and ele...

This study evaluates the factors that lead small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt information and communication technology (ICT). Our research proposes an ICT adoption model using structural equation modelling that examines the role of SMEs’ owner-managers as mediators in the adoption of ICT. The model is focused on the investigation of the direct and indirect influences of technolog...

Maria Sarabia is associate professor of international strategy management and business management at the University of Cantabria, Spain. She has been a visiting professor in the economics department at the University of Reading, United Kingdom. She can be reached at sarabiamunican.es. Maria Obeso is assistant professor in the department of business administration at University of Cantabria,...

The large-scale proliferation of wireless communications both inside and outside the home-office environment has led to an increased demand for effective and cheap encryption schemes. Now a new chaos based signals as arbitrary source and digital signals as main source make digits for Elliptic curve algorithm by 2 parallel-in (with pipelining), 1parallel-out and 1 serial-out to produce encrypted...