Synopsis Arnold’s 1983 path-analytic paradigm, considering “morphology, performance, and fitness,” has been elaborated in several ways. For example, current versions recognize the level of “behavior” (including aspects of motivation) as a filter between performance abilities (only measurable if motivation is maximal) and fitness components. Performance abilities constrain behavior, but behavior...

SYNOPSIS Arnold's 1983 path-analytic paradigm, considering "morphology, performance, and fitness," has been elaborated in several ways. For example, current versions recognize the level of "behavior" (including aspects of motivation) as a filter between performance abilities (only measurable if motivation is maximal) and fitness components. Performance abilities constrain behavior, but behavior...

Trade-offs among life-history traits are central to evolutionary theory. In quantitative genetic terms, trade-offs may be manifested as negative genetic covariances relative to the direction of selection on phenotypic traits. Although the expression and selection of ecologically important phenotypic variation are fundamentally multivariate phenomena, the in situ quantification of genetic covari...

† On leave from Computer Science Department, The Technion, Haifa, Israel. Abstract Aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) techniques support the systematic modularization and composition of crosscutting concerns, the so-called “aspects”. Though AOSD techniques have been proposed to handle crosscutting concerns at various stages during the software life cycle, there are gaps between the asp...

The success of most foragers is constrained by limits to their sensory perception, memory, and locomotion. However, a general and quantitative understanding of how these constraints affect foraging benefits, and the trade-offs they imply for foraging strategies, is difficult to achieve. This article develops foraging performance statistics to assess constraints and define trade-offs for forager...

Biological robustness is a principle that may shed light on system-level characteristics of biological systems. One intriguing aspect of the concept of biological robustness is the possible existence of intrinsic trade-offs among robustness, fragility, performance, and so on. At the same time, whether such trade-offs hold regardless of the situation or hold only under specific conditions warran...