This paper deals with the application of steam to enhance the recovery from petroleum reservoirs. We formulate a mathematical and numerical model that simulates coinjection of volatile oil with steam into a porous rock in a one-dimensional setting. We utilize the mathematical theory of conservation laws to validate the numerical simulations. This combined numerical and analytical approach revea...

Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves, which was US$5.4 billion in 1999, rose to an overwhelming level of US$51.3 billion at end-2007 and further to US$53.0 billion in 2008, but owing to the crash in the international price of crude oil in 2008 and the aftermath of the global financial crisis, the reserve declined to US$42.4 billion in 2009. In trying to determine the optimum level, the paper ado...

We present a water-in-oil droplet microfluidic platform for transformation, culture and expression of recombinant proteins in multiple host organisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi. The platform consists of a hybrid digital microfluidic/channel-based droplet chip with integrated temperature control to allow complete automation and integration of plasmid addition, heat-shock transformation,...

Every year, about 300,000 people die because of pesticide poisoning worldwide. The most common pesticide agents are organophosphates and phosphides, aluminium phosphide (AlP) in particular. AlP is known as a suicide poison that can easily be bought and has no effective antidote. Its toxicity results from the release of phosphine gas as the tablet gets into contact with moisture. Phosphine gas p...

Coriander has been recommended for the relief of pain, anxiety, flatulence, and loss of appetite. In traditional medicine, it is believed that coriander can induce some degree of amnesia in a child when his/her mother uses coriander during the pregnancy. We evaluated the effect of Coriandrum sativum seed extract on learning in second-generation mice. Ethanolic extract (2%) of coriander (100 mg/...

In this study, a single-step microfluidic approach is reported for encapsulation of enzymes within microcapsules with ultrathin polymeric shell for controlled release triggered by an osmotic shock. Using a glass capillary microfluidic device, monodisperse water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets are fabricated with enzymes in the core and an ultrathin middle oil layer that solidifies to p...

The short-lived oil price shock at the beginning of the Persian Gulf Crisis created a natural experiment. Oil producers were left with an unexpected, one-time cash flow shock and unchanged investment opportunities. We examine how they spent this free cash flow. Most firms followed an expansionary path, but there is considerable variation in how the cash flow was allocated. Both costly external ...

Between January 2017 and March 2020 a coalition of oil producers led by OPEC Russia (known as OPEC+) cut production in an attempt to raise the price crude oil. In corona virus shock collapse this coalition, members did not agree on keeping market tight face large negative demand shock. Yet, was OPEC+ actually effective sustaining oil? early when strategy place, inventories fell substantially re...

Primary goal of stabilization policy in the Treaty of European Union is price stability. That goal may be in conflict with the goal of full employment in the member states, particularly, then the union is hit by an asymmetric shock. Assuming perfect capital mobility an initial adverse shock (Krugman 1993) may have permanent effects by releasing a self-reinforcing process, which will result in l...

Near-term macroeconomic prospects continue to improve in the context of higher oil prices and a gradual global recovery from pandemic shock, but medium-term outlook remains challenging highly uncertain. Oil production muted, debt inflation remain elevated, non-oil activity is expected recover only gradually. However, continued strong fiscal performance (aided by revenues), exchange rate stabili...