have to be considered. The first, which has been developed in the preceding section, is that passive smoking could act to disclose an asthmatic state that was so far asymptomatic. The second issue lies in the natural history of asthma. Following Martinez et al.’s publications, it has become obvious that transient wheezing could occur in non-atopic infants exposed to passive smoking. Because the...

ABSTRACT- Almost all oyster mushroom producers in Iran produce this kind of mushroom without any kind of casing soil. Although different kinds of casing soils are available for Agaricus bisporus, limited information is available regarding Pleurotus ostreatus. Availability of peat in many regions around the world is a concern and some researchers' efforts have been devoted to a search for altern...

Brookhaven National Laboratory was requested to conduct a literature survey for the best available cement to use in the proposed casing patch as part of the Geothermal Drilling Organization (GDO) project on remediation of deformed casings. A total of 50 wells has been identified with deformed production casing in Unocal’s portion of The Geysers geothermal field. Reduced internal diameter and ca...

This paper introduces a comparative theoretical investigation of the conventional cathodic protection (CP) and the pulse cathodic protection (PCP) systems to show how both of them behave under different operating conditions. The effectiveness of the PCP system has been analyzed in the light of getting better protection-current distribution along the protected well casing at reduced anode curren...

Wellbore cement, a procedural component of wellbore completion operations, primarily provides zonal isolation and mechanical support of the metal pipe (casing), and protects metal components from corrosive fluids. These are essential for uncompromised wellbore integrity. Cements can undergo multiple forms of failure, such as debonding at the cement/rock and cement/metal interfaces, fracturing, ...

The casing damage wells in non oil layers are mainly distributed the N2 and SI-SII shale interlayer, types deformation dislocation. main reason is that injected water enters into shale, cementing quality poor, it easy to form an invasion area after invading along channeling channel, which reduces stability of formation. Under effect geostress, force generated by formation sliding weak surface d...