We show that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltrating a kidney tumor recognize a peptide encoded by an alternative open reading frame (ORF) of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) gene. Remarkably, this alternative ORF, which is translated in many tumors concurrently with the major ORF, is also translated in some tissues that do not produce M-CSF, such as liver and kidney. Such a...

The herpesvirus saimiri open reading frame (ORF) 50 produces two transcripts. The first is spliced, contains a single intron, and is detected at early times during the productive cycle, whereas the second is expressed later and is produced from a promoter within the second exon. Analysis of their gene products has shown that they function as sequence specific transactivators. In this report, we...

Phagemid-based expression of cloned genes fused to the gIIIP coding sequence and rescue using helper phages, such as VCSM13, has been used extensively for constructing large antibody phage display libraries. However, for randomly primed cDNA and gene fragment libraries, this system encounters reading frame problems wherein only one of 18 phages display the translated foreign peptide/protein fus...

The >1 kb XL-exon of the rat XLalphas/Galphas gene encodes the 37 kDa XL-domain, the N-terminal half of the 78 kDa neuroendocrine-specific G-protein alpha-subunit XLalphas. Here, we describe a novel feature of the XL-exon, the presence of an alternative >1 kb open reading frame (ORF) that completely overlaps with the ORF encoding the XL-domain. The alternative ORF starts 32 nucleotides downstre...

The nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of barley yellow dwarf virus, PAV serotype was determined, except for the 5'-terminal base, and its genome organization deduced. The 5,677 nucleotide genome contains five large open reading frames (ORFs). The genes for the coat protein (1) and the putative viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were identified. The latter shows a striking degree of similar...

Ethylene-responsive factors (ERF) are usually considered to play diverse roles in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, an ERF gene CaPTI1 was isolated from pepper transcriptome database. CaPTI1 contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 543 bp, which encodes a putative polypeptide of 180 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 20.30 kDa. Results of expression pr...

background: single nucleotide polymorphism (snps) are considered as one of the underlying causes of male infertility. proper sperm chromatin packaging which involves replacement of histones with protamines has profound effect on male fertility. over 20 snps have been reported for the protamine 1 and 2. materials and methods: the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of two previously ...

background and aims: newcastle disease virus (ndv) is one of the major pathogen in poultry. vaccination is intended to control the disease as an effective solution nevertheless this virus is a growing threat to the poultry industry. f gene open reading frame (orf) from ndv is 1650 bp, encoding a protein of 553 amino acids that can induce protective immunity alone. the f glycoprotein on the surf...