INDIRECT ophthalmoscopy is one of the most important methods of fundus examination, especially in cases of detachment of the retina. The advantages of this method over direct ophthalmoscopy include a larger field of view, a more brilliant image, and a greater depth of focus. It is especially valuable for the examination of the highly myopic eye. The stereoscopic view obtained with the binocular...

We have developed a compact, robust adaptive optics (AO) scanning laser ophthalmoscope using a microelectromechanical (MEMS) deformable mirror (DM). Facilitated with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, the MEMS-DM-based AO operates a closed-loop modal wave aberration correction for the human eye and reduces wave aberrations in most eyes to below 0.1 microm rms. Lateral resolution is enhanced, an...

Purpose To demonstrate the viability of improving transverse image resolution in reflectance scanning adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy using sub-Airy disk confocal detection. Methods The foveal cone mosaic was imaged in five human subjects free of known eye disease using two custom adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopes (AOSLOs) in reflectance with 7.75 and 4.30 mm pupil diameters. Conf...

An instrument is described that provides a stable magnified image for ophthalmoscopy and a low power operating microscope combined to allow greatly improved fundal inspection and to eliminate the need to change instruments during detachment surgery.

We present a methodology for extracting the vascular network in the human retina using Dijkstra's shortest-path algorithm. Our method preserves vessel thickness, requires no manual intervention, and follows vessel branching naturally and efficiently. To test our method, we constructed a retinal video indirect ophthalmoscopy (VIO) image database from pediatric patients and compared the segmentat...