background loneliness is one of the psychological variables related to high risk behaviors that should be investigated more. objectives the current study aimed to assess emotional, social, romantic, and familial dimensions of loneliness in drug abuser and nondrug abuser individuals. patients and methods two hundred and twenty eight individuals were enrolled in this cross sectional study. hundre...

background opium addiction is a major issue amongst burn-patients in iran. a few studies have addressed interactions between burn and addiction. objectives the aim of the present study was to compare mortality and morbidity between addicted and non-addicted patients with burn injuries. patients and methods this research was a prospective paired matched-cohort study that was conducted from octob...

background children that livingwith addicted parents are at risk for intentionally and unintentionally poisoning. present study aimed to evaluate the effect of parental addiction on unintentional childhood poisoning. materials and methods: totally, 140 admitted children with poisoning in loghman hospital, tehran-iran, as referral center were recruited from march 2013 to july 2014. cases were ma...

BACKGROUND In general, parental substance abuse is associated with children's emotional and behavioral problems. This study only investigated the internalizing problems (depression, anxiety and physical complains) in children of opioid or heroin-dependent parents in comparison with non-opioid dependent parents in order to determine the effects of drug dependency after excluding the confounding ...

Prescription opioid drug abuse has reached epidemic proportions. Individuals with chronic pain represent a large population at considerable risk of abusing opioids. The Opioid Abuse Risk Screener was developed as a comprehensive self-administered measure of potential risk that includes a wide range of critical elements noted in the literature to be relevant to opioid risk. The creation, refinem...

This was a 6-month, randomized, flexible-dose study comparing the effects of methadone (Meth) and buprenorphine (Bup) on retention rate and substance use in a sample of 140 opioid-dependent, primarily heroin-addicted, patients who had been without opioid substitution therapy in the 4 weeks prior to the study. The major aims were to compare the efficacy of Bup and Meth in a flexible dosing regim...

gluten associated disorders and the question around these associations has recently attracted attentions of many health professionals. this is because of high prevalence of undiagnosed gluten related disorders presenting with a multitude of symptoms and complications inside and outside small bowel. while the environmental factors associated with a complex genetics are leading to destructions of...

The effects of agonists and partial agonists of both mu and kappa receptor systems are described in several behavioral tests in rhesus monkeys. Procedures measuring drug discrimination, drug self-administration, drug dependence, and drug-induced analgesia are differentially sensitive to the agonist and antagonist effects of various opioids. The sensitivity of each of the procedures may be modif...

The unique pharmacological profile of buprenorphine has led to its considerable success as an analgesic and as a treatment agent for drug abuse. Activation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptors has been postulated to account for certain aspects of buprenorphine's behavioral profile. In order to investigate the role of NOP activation further, a series of buprenorphine analogues has b...