The optic nerve and chiasm, obtained at autopsy, from 53 cases with clinical histories of cerebrovascular disturbances were histopathologically investigated, and ischemic changes in the posterior portion of the optic nerve were revealed in 12 cases. The progress of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy might be divided into necrotic, liquefactive and scar stages. The lesions were located in the t...

In animals with binocular vision, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons either cross or avoid the midline at the optic chiasm. Here, we show that ephrin-Bs in the chiasm region direct the divergence of retinal axons through the selective repulsion of a subset of RGCs that express EphB1. Ephrin-B2 is expressed at the mouse chiasm midline as the ipsilateral projection is generated and is selectively ...

Mammalian binocular vision relies on the divergence of retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm, with strictly controlled numbers projecting contralaterally and ipsilaterally. In mouse, contralateral projections arise from the entire retina, whereas ipsilateral projections arise from ventrotemporal retina. We investigate how development of these patterns of projection is regulated by the...

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are cell surface and secretory proteins that modulate intercellular signaling pathways including Slit/Robo and FGF/FGFR. The heparan sulfate sugar moieties on HSPGs are subject to extensive postsynthetic modification, generating enormous molecular complexity that has been postulated to provide increased diversity in the ability of individual cells to respond to spe...

A chiasm n. optici is shaped by crossed optic nerves. Approximate vertical distance of 10 mm separates chiasm from dorsum sella turca and pituitary fosse. Twenty-five percent of all cerebral tumors appear in the chiasm area and almost half of them cause damages of visual function. Major and sometimes the only symptom is progressive visual loss. This damage appears because tumor masses are huge ...

The retinofugal pathway is a useful model for axon guidance because fibers from each eye project to targets on both sides of the brain. Studies using static and real time analyses in mice at E15-17 demonstrated that uncrossed axons from ventrotemporal retina diverge from crossed axons in the optic chiasm, where specialized resident cells may direct divergence. Other studies, however, suggest th...

BACKGROUND Gangliogliomas involving the optic nerve or chiasm are extremely rare tumors, which can be confused radiologically with other neoplasms. α-[N-methyl-11C]-methylaminoisobutyric acid (11C-MeAIB) is a new artificial amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, which is metabolically more stable in vivo and may be more specific for tumors than 11C-methionine. However, the utilit...