Head-mounted displays (HMDs) can be divided into two categories: opaque (the real world view is totally or partially blocked by the display apparatus) and see-through (the computer image is superimposed onto the real world). Each type has its own uses and advantages, depending on the application. See-through head-mounted displays (STHMDs) can be further subdivided into optical STHMDs and video-...

In this paper, we suggest a novel system that is capable of measuring absolute distances with an uncertainty of one micrometer, or better, over a distance of up to 20 meters. This system consists of a Michelson interferometer, a tunable external cavity diode laser, a wavelength meter, a digital camera and a computer. The Michelson interferometer contains a reference arm mirror, a target arm mir...

We describe a polarization-selective beam splitter by a sandwiched grating, which can fulfill the high efficiency element for TE polarization and the two-port output for TM polarization. The modal method and the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) are employed together to optimize the polarization-selective beam splitter. According to the modal method, the grating duty cycle and period are di...

We show theoretically that concurrent interactions in a second-order nonlinear medium placed inside an optical resonator can generate multipartite entanglement between the resonator modes. We show that there is a mathematical connection between this system and van Loock and Braunstein’s proposal for entangling N continuous quantum optical variables by interfering with the outputs of N degenerat...

We have measured the conductance and shot noise of superconductor-normal metal S-N junctions between a niobium Nb film and a two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG , formed in an InAs-based semiconductor heterostructure. Adjacent to the junction, the 2DEG is shaped into a sub-micrometer beam splitter. The current shot noise measured through one arm of the beam splitter is found to be enhanced due to...

Introduction: Efficient optical beam splitters are a key component in photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Multimode interference (MMI) couplers have the advantages of compact size, low loss, stable splitting ratio, large optical bandwidth, and good fabrication tolerances [1, 2]. One of the major applications of MMI couplers is power splitters. To date, high performance in output uniformity is ...

Fermion anti-bunching was directly observed by measuring the cross-covariance of the current fluctuations of partitioned electrons. A quantum point contact was used to inject single-mode electrons into a mesoscopic electron beam splitter device. The beam splitter output currents showed negative cross-covariance, indicating that the electrons arrived individually at the beam splitter and were ra...

A polarization-selective holographic optical element with compact dimensions of 2.4mm X 1mm X 1mm (width X length X thickness) is proposed. The element includes three modules: a holographic polarizing beam-splitter, a holographic input coupler, and a dove-prism coupler so that a simple and dense optical pick-up head can be achieved. Polarization properties of holographic volume gratings are bri...