Land surface albedo is a critical variable needed in land surface modeling. The conventional methods for estimating broadband albedos rely on a series of steps in the processing chain, including atmospheric correction, surface angular modeling, and narrowband-to-broadband albedo conversions. Unfortunately, errors associated with each procedure may be accumulated and significantly impact the acc...

An application of the Green's function method to the one-dimensional radiative transfer problem with a non-Lambertian surface is described. This method separates atmospheric radiative transport from the lower boundary condition and allows expressing a solution analytically for an arbitrary surface reflectance. In the physical sense, the Green's function represents bidirectional atmospheric tran...

Herein, we present a canonical form for a natural and necessary generalization of the Lambert function, natural in that it requires minimal mathematical definitions for this generalization, and necessary in that it provides a means of expressing solutions to a number of physical problems of fundamental nature. In particular, this generalization expresses the exact solutions for generalrelativis...

Photometric stereo provides an important method for high-fidelity 3D reconstruction based on multiple intensity images captured under different illumination directions. In this paper, we present a complete framework, including multilight source and acquisition hardware system two-stage convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, to construct inter- intraframe representations accurate norma...

Many flat panel displays (FPDs) have anti-reflection surface treatments that differ in character from those of traditional cathode-ray-tube displays. Specular reflection models (mirror-like, producing a distinct image) combined with diffuse (Lambertian) reflection models can be entirely inadequate to characterize the reflection properties of such displays. A third reflection component, called h...