BACKGROUND Meniscus extrusion is a serious and relatively frequent clinical problem. For this reason the role of different risk factors for this pathology is still the subject of debate. The goal of this study was to verify the results of previous theoretical work, based on the mathematical models, regarding a relationship between the cross-section shape of the meniscus and the risk of its extr...

The observability of radome aberration estimation with line-of-sight (LOS) angle-only measurement is studied in this paper. When missile seeker can only measure LOS angle of target, target state variables are required to be estimated with this measurement for accurate missile guidance. Since LOS angle measurement contains error, caused by radome attached at missile nose and called radome aberra...

The absolute, average, and differential phase shifts that p- and s-polarized light experience in total internal reflection (TIR) at the planar interface between two transparent media are considered as functions of the angle of incidence phi. Special angles at which quarter-wave phase shifts are achieved are determined as functions of the relative refractive index N. When the average phase shift...

This study assessed spatial summation of first-order (luminance-defined) and second-order (contrast-defined) motion. Thresholds were measured for identifying the drift direction of 1c/deg., luminance-modulated and contrast-modulated dynamic noise drifting at temporal frequencies of 0.5, 2 and 8Hz. Image size varied from 0.125 degrees to 16 degrees . The effects of increasing image size on thres...

New methods have been investigated which use fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) image data to measure ocean wave slopes. Independent techniques have been developed to measure wave slope spectra in both the radar azimuth and range directions. Wave spectra measured using the new methods are compared with spectra developed using conventional SAR intensity-based methods, and with ...

Stability of foundations near slopes is one of the important and complicated problems in geotechnical engineering, which has been investigated by various methods such as limit equilibrium, limit analysis, slip-line, finite element and discrete element. The complexity of this problem is resulted from the combination of two probable failures: foundation failure and overall slope failure. The curr...

abstract spacing between check dams depends on the stream bed slope, effective height of check dams and slope of deposited sediments behind the check dams. the slope of deposited sediments is more important than the other two factors because of complications in the way of its occurrence and its measurement after several years of dam construction. this research presents the effective factors aff...

At a given running speed, humans strongly prefer to use a stride frequency near their 'optimal' stride frequency that minimizes metabolic cost. Although there is no definitive explanation for why an optimal stride frequency exists, elastic energy usage has been implicated. Because the possibility for elastic energy storage and return may be impaired on slopes, we investigated whether and how th...