Korean has a three-way laryngeal contrast in oral stops. This paper reports perception patterns of plosives of Japanese, French, English and Chinese by Korean speakers. In Korean loanwords, laryngeal contrasts of Japanese, French, and English plosives show distinct patterns. To test whether perception explains the loanword patterns, we selected languages with different acoustic properties and c...

The linguistic-prosodic processing applied to text-to-speech synthesis in Italian is described. It proceeds in 5 steps: tokenisation and normalisation of abbreviations, numbers, etc.; part-of-speech tagging, based on function words, terminations and contextual heuristics; shallow parsing, based on a chunk grammar; grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, lexical stress assignment and syllabification by ...

The purpose of this study is to discuss the common phonetically altered English loanwords used by Urdu speakers. A set three hundred words was analyzed for phonological alterations. areas technology, automobile registration, entertainment, and politics contained most high-frequency loanwords. Through study, it found that native tongue significantly impacts how are pronounced. Most frequently, t...

This paper examines the Scandinavian terminology for ‘soot’ in connection with a number of Saami appellatives view to deciding which them are native and result from borrowing. Special attention is paid problem adopting loanwords Northern Europe, especially Peninsula. Two Proto- Germanic words denoting discussed morphological etymological point view. It suggested that West noun *hrōta- m./n. clo...

Arabic has considerable influence over the Indonesian language, namely in vocabulary or loan words. This study aims to identify various forms of sound changes that occur loanwords translation text Akidatul Awam. Using qualitative descriptive analysis, researcher examined data discern words take on an phoneme. The results found 80 borrowed Awam with Crowley's theory; attenuation, reinforcement a...

I will refer to the fact that the alveolar fricative occurring in intervocalic position is always [z] with the descriptive label of “intervocalic voicing”, and I will adopt the symbol /S/ to refer to the alveolar fricative “archiphoneme”, not specified for [±voice]. As I showed in Baroni 1997, intervocalic /S/ voicing is an extremely productive phenomenon of contemporary Northern Italian (for e...

This paper describes our retrieval system for the NTCIR-3 CLIR task, focusing on Japanese and English. We integrate query and document translation methods to improve retrieval accuracy, and perform clustering to improve browsing efficiency. In query translation, to derive possible translations for user queries, we use dictionaries and perform a transliteration method, which generates translatio...