Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules generated in living organisms and an excessive production of ROS culminates oxidative stress cellular damage. Notably, plays a critical role the pathogenesis number oral mucosal diseases, including mucositis, which remains one cancer treatments’ most common side effects. We have shown previously that keratinocytes remarkably sensitive ...

BACKGROUND This prospective, nonrandomized study was conducted to compare the efficacy and toxicity of post-operative concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) using daily oral uracil-tegafur plus leucovorin (UFUR/LV) vs. weekly intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin (5-FU/LV) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS From November 1996 through December 2004, 30 ...

Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate which is converted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) via 3 enzymatic step to 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5'-DFCR), 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), and finally 5-FU. We performed 4-week toxicity studies of capecitabine (N(4)-pentyloxycarbonyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine), galocitabine (trimethoxybenzyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine), 4 different fluoropyrimi...

Adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to alter the natural history of resected colon cancer. Two regimens (5-fluorouracil [5-FU] plus calcium folinate and 5-FU plus levamisole [Ergamisol]) have been found to prolong disease-free survival and overall survival in affected patients. Previous comparisons of these two regimens indicate that 5-FU plus calcium folinate may offer a small disease-free su...

Susceptibility of the brown stink bug, Euschistus serous (Say), and the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), to acetamiprid, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, indoxacarb, oxamyl, and thiamethoxam, was compared in residual and oral toxicity tests. Generally, susceptibility of P. maculiventris to insecticides was significantly greater than or not significantly different from that of E. servus....

The first oral overdose of paracetamol in a neonate is reported. A 55 day old neonate, born 29 weeks premature, was accidentally given 136 mg/kg paracetamol. Treatment was with activated charcoal, supportive care, and N-acetylcysteine. There was no biochemical evidence of hepatotoxicity, and no long term sequelae. After modelling of the data, the following pharmacokinetic variables were calcula...

We studied an acute and chronic oral toxicity of the extract from Ziziphus attopensis (ZA) in male and female SD rats according to the OECD guidelines. After a single oral administration of ZA 5 g/kg body weight, measurement of the body and organs, necropsy, and health monitoring were performed. The body and organ weights and behavior were not changed relative to the control rats indicating tha...

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is part of a family of vitamin K that are essential co-factors for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which is involved in the activation of γ-carboxy glutamate (Gla) proteins in the body. Gla proteins are important for normal blood coagulation and normality of bones and arteries. The objective of this study was to examine the potential toxicity of synthetic MK-7 in BomTac:...

The silkworm extract powder contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent α-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic potency against diabetes mellitus. Therefore, natural products containing DNJ from mulberry leaves and silkworm are consumed as health functional food. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of the silkworm extract powder, a health food which containing the DNJ. The re...

Background: The rectum is the lower part of colon. Its cancer third most common worldwide. Aim: To determine frequency and severity acute perineal skin reactions in rectal patients at completion preoperative pelvic radiotherapy. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Methodology: conducted Department Clinical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital Multan. Patients (n=96) were enrolle...