The achievement of human development can be reviewed from the Human Development Index (HDI), which is sourced indicators health, education, and state income. East Java Province second-most populous province in Indonesia has a high work intensity economic aspects abundant natural resources. However, judging level index, occupies lowest position compared to other provinces on island Java. This st...

The common practice of collapsing inherently continuous or ordinal variables into two categories causes information loss that may potentially weaken power to detect effects of explanatory variables and result in Type II errors in statistical inference. The purpose of this investigation was to illustrate, using a substantive example, the potential increase in power gained from an ordinal instead...

OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with subsyndromal depression (SSD) in very old persons, and to develop a model for prediction of SSD among very old persons. METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based study was undertaken on 85-year-old persons in Sweden. Data were collected from a postal questionnaire, assessments in the participants' homes and at reception visits. Depressiveness...

Purpose To evaluate the inter-rater reliability and predictive validity of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) in patients after stroke. Methods One hundred sixty-one patients were selected for consecutive application of the FAI and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Spearman's test was used for correlation between different scales. The FAI and NIHSS association was evaluated...

Background Historically, trials in acute stroke have largely been unable to show benefit of new interventions. Trials have previously favoured dichotomous analysis of outcome measures employing an ordinal scale, such as the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). In 2007, the OAST Collaboration showed that preserving the ordinal nature of these scales increased statistical power, recommending the use of o...

Power and sample size calculations for experiments modeled with binary logistic regression are becoming more common, and are even available as freeware (e.g. Ralph O’Brien’s UnifyPow application). Somewhat less common, if not altogether absent, is software that allows power analysis for multinomial logistic regression models. Using the algorithm introduced below, it is now possible to compute p...

For most of the time, biomedical researchers have been dealing with ordinal outcome variable in multilevel models where patients are nested in doctors. We can justifiably apply multilevel cumulative logit model, where the outcome variable represents the mild, severe, and extremely severe intensity of diseases like malaria and typhoid in the form of ordered categories. Based on our simulation co...

<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the whole way we live, especially in field of education. Distance learning as a result had stressful effect on students. This study aims to model factors that influence students' stress levels towards distance learning. A total 256 students Faculty Teacher Training at Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang State Islamic University participated answering 4-scale ...