spinal cord injury (sci) actuate to complex cellular and molecular interactions within the central nervous system in a heave to repair the initial tissue damage. the pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury (sci) involves primary and secondary mechanisms. neuroinflammation is an important secondary injury process in sci. the local inflammatory microenvironment within the injured spinal cord ...

The complex biology of critical illness not only reflects the initial insult that brought the patient to the intensive care unit but also, and perhaps even more importantly, it reflects the consequences of the many clinical interventions initiated to support life during a time of lethal organ system insufficiency. The latter may amplify or modify the response to the former and are eminently ame...

Preterm newborns, particularly very low birth weight newborns, frequently experience intermittent hypotension and/or hypoperfusion. Organ perfusion is largely distinct from systemic hypotension, suggesting that changes in underlying vascular tone are the major determinants of perfusion. Preterm fetuses have a remarkable anaerobic tolerance and ability to survive major insults with no or limited...

Spleen is the most frequent solid organ to be injured in blunt abdominal trauma. Considering its important role in providing immunity and preventing infection by a variety of mechanisms, every attempt should be made, if possible, to salvage the traumatized spleen at any age particularly in children. After primary resuscitation, mandatory requirements for non-operative management include absence...

Whether the egg or the chicken came first remains debated, although the debate is not critical for those who love eating omelets. At least, it is well accepted that one needs to break eggs to fry an omelet. In some ways, there are similarities with acute kidney injury. A lot of debate arises from whether acute kidney injury is a complication of various insults and therapies or an expected conti...

INTRODUCTION Severe tissue trauma results in a general inflammatory immune response (SIRS) representing an overall inflammatory reaction of the immune system. However, there is little known about the functional alterations of monocytes in the early posttraumatic phase, characterized by the battle of the individual with the initial trauma. METHODS Thirteen patients with severe multiple injury;...

Background: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) functions as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Objective: To evaluate the levels of IL-6 in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Methods: Level of IL-6 was assessed and recorded for 14 days subsequent to the injury in 161 multiple trauma patients. MODS were diagnosed using Marshal Score. Injury Severity Scor...

Acute kidney injury occurs in approximately one-quarter to one-third of patients with major burn injury. Apart from the usual suspects - such as older age, severity of burn injury, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction - volume overload probably has an important role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury.

HYPOTHESIS The incidence and severity of postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF) has decreased over the last decade. DESIGN A prospective 12-year inception cohort study ending December 31, 2003. SETTING Regional academic level I trauma center. PATIENTS One thousand three hundred forty-four trauma patients at risk for postinjury MOF. Inclusion criteria were aged older than 15 years, admiss...