New materials capable of storing hydrogen at high gravimetric and volumetric densities are required if hydrogen is to be widely employed as a clean alternative to hydrocarbon fuels in cars and other mobile applications. With exceptionally high surface areas and chemically-tunable structures, microporous metal–organic frameworks have recently emerged as some of the most promising candidate mater...

Introduction Acquisition of alternative fueled vehicles (AFV) within the United States and the Department of Defense is mandated by Federal Legislation and Executive Order. Under these mandates, the Air Force is required to plan, program, purchase, and utilize alternative fueled vehicles and establish access to refueling facilities. The applicable Acts and Orders accomplish two main goals. Firs...

Dead zones in the coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s and have serious consequences for ecosystem functioning. The formation of dead zones has been exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels. Enhanced primary production results in an accumulation o...

E nzymes and other biocatalysts are increasingly important tools for synthesizing pharmaceuticals, improving diagnostic assays, enhancing efficiency of industrial processes, manufacturing biopolymers, accelerating bioremediation, and converting biomass to useful products and fuels. Although a variety of enzymes are available as reaction catalysts, their performance is often less than optimal fo...

Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of wood, woody residues, and agricultural waste has the potential to produce organic liquid intermediates that can be hydroprocessed sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). In this...

Introduction Since glucose can be converted readily into many useful compounds, efficient conversion of cellulose to this building block is important to successful utilization of biomass for large-scale fuels and chemicals production, The conversion of cellulose to glucose is catalyzed by acid and by glycosidase enzymes. In the general acid catalyzed reaction, it has been shown that the rate of...

A black liquor recovery boiler has two main functions. On one hand, it generates steam from the heat energy liberated upon combustion of the organic constituents of black liquor burned in the boiler, whereby the recovery boiler serves as a steam boiler. On the other hand, the chemicals from pulp digesting sulphur and sodium are recovered from the black liquor, the recovery boiler then serving a...

The objective of present study was to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from several sources (fuels, traffic, landfills, coffee roasting, a street-food laboratory, building work, indoor use of incense and candles, a dental laboratory, etc.) located in Palermo (Italy) by using canister autosamplers and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. In this study, 181 VO...

As an inevitable by-product of the biofuel industry, glycerol is becoming an attractive feedstock for biorefinery due to its abundance, low price and high degree of reduction. Converting crude glycerol into value-added products is important to increase the economic viability of the biofuel industry. Metabolic engineering of industrial strains to improve its performance and to enlarge the produc...

Advances in vehicle design and fuel quality mean cars can be made cleaner and more efficient. Lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particles (including the fine dust and soot PM10) and hydrocarbons (HCs) also known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will lead to better urban air quality and less summertime smog. Lower emissions of carbon dioxi...