Axial eye patterning determines the positional code of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which is crucial for their topographic projection to the midbrain. Several asymmetrically expressed determinants of retinal patterning are known, but it is unclear how axial polarity is first established. We find that Fgf signals, including Fgf8, determine retinal patterning along the nasotemporal (NT) axis du...

Due to elongated delay of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), the semiconductor industry has been pushing the 193nm immersion lithopgrahy using multiple patterning to print critical features in 22nm/14nm technology nodes and beyond. Multiple patterning lithography (MPL) poses many new challenges to both mask design and IC physical design. The mask layout decomposition problem has been exten...

Three amnesic patients with damage limited to the hippocampal formation, a severely amnesic patient with extensive medial temporal lobe damage, and 9 controls were tested on the transverse patterning problem (A + B-, B + C-, and C + A-) and also on 2 control problems. One of the control problems was matched to the transverse patterning problem with respect to the number of pairwise decisions th...

During organogenesis in all multi-cellular organisms, axial patterning is required to transform a single layer organ primordium into a three-dimensional organ. The Drosophila eye model serves as an excellent model to study axial patterning. Dorso-ventral (DV) axis determination is the first lineage restriction event during axial patterning of the Drosophila eye. The early Drosophila eye primord...

Formation of an anisotropy lattice in Co/ Pt multilayers by direct laser interference patterning" (2006). Roger Kirby Publications. 2. We report on the use of direct laser interference patterning to form an " anisotropy " lattice in Co/ Pt thin film multilayers. Co/ Pt multilayers have been extensively studied and, for the compositions studied here, are characterized by strong perpendicular mag...

BACKGROUND The Drosophila pupal eye has become a popular paradigm for understanding morphogenesis and tissue patterning. Correct rearrangement of cells between ommatidia is required to organize the ommatidial array across the eye field. This requires cell movement, cell death, changes to cell-cell adhesion, signaling and fate specification. METHODOLOGY We describe a method to quantitatively a...

Organizational voice and silence are two intertwined strategies in organizations. Organizational voice is an appropriate communicational tool in order to improve the organization. On the other hand, silence can have destructive effects on the decision-making process and organizational changes. Organizational culture is the important factor which facilitates ways of expressing ideas by employees...

3 5 that enable these complex organisms to regenerate their entire body, including the brain. 3 6 Classical data suggest that they may also be capable of long-term memory. Thus, the planarian 3 7 system may offer the unique opportunity to study brain regeneration and memory in the same 3 8 animal. To establish a system for the investigation of the dynamics of memory in a regenerating 3 9 brain,...

Insulator sequences guide the function of distantly located enhancer elements to the appropriate target genes by blocking inappropriate interactions. In Drosophila, five different insulator binding proteins have been identified, Zw5, BEAF-32, GAGA factor, Su(Hw) and dCTCF. Only dCTCF has a known conserved counterpart in vertebrates. Here we find that the structurally related factors dCTCF and S...

We have previously reported the use of a combination of computational simulations and targeted experiments to build a first generation mathematical model of peppermint (Menthaxpiperita) essential oil biosynthesis. Here, we report on the expansion of this approach to identify the key factors controlling monoterpenoid essential oil biosynthesis under adverse environmental conditions. We also inve...