The exploration of the spatial relationships between crime incidents, the socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods, as well as physical and structural compositions of the urban landscape is an ongoing research issue in Geographic Information (GI) Science. Spatial data mining tools improve the ability to gain knowledge from geographic data and help to understand spatio-temporal processes t...

Today's information age may be characterized by constant massive production and dissemination of written information. More powerful tools for exploring, searching, and organizing the available mass of information are needed to cope with this situation. In this context the map metaphor for displaying the contents of a document archive in a two-dimensional display has gained increased interest. I...

Recent growth of the Internet has greatly increased the amount of information that is accessible and the number of resources that are available to users. To exploit this growth, it must be p ossible for users to nd the information and resources they need. Existing techniques for organizing systems have evolved f r om those used o n c entralized systems, but these techniques a r e inadequate for...

Multiscale structures and algorithms that unify the treatment of local and global scene information are of particular importance in image segmentation. Vector quantization, owing to its versatility, has proved to be an effective means of image segmentation. Although vector quantization can be achieved using self-organizing maps with competitive learning, self-organizing maps in their original s...

A new training and recall method for self-organizing maps (SOM) is developed by comparison of SOM to the human information processing system. As neurons and cortical columns do not change their activity instantly, it is increased or decreased in a smooth way. This fact is introduced in SOM-neurons. In a same way, recognition of objects is supposed to be a task of analysing complete sets of feat...