Aim of study: To quantify the toxicity and ecotoxicological pressure pesticides in Sancti Spíritus province, Cuba, between 2011 2014.Material methods: A longitudinal descriptive study was designed for period, to identify potential risks environment human health associated with use pesticides. In order determine ecotoxicity pesticide use, ƩSeq (Spread equivalents), POCER (Pesticide Occupational ...

Organophosphates, such as chlorpyrifos (CPF), are widely used as insecticides in agriculture. CPF is known to induce cytotoxicity, including neurodevelopmental toxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms of CPF toxicity at early fetal stage have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of CPF-induced cytotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We...

Diazinon is an organophosphate which is extensively used in trade and agriculture. Due to its widespread application, its toxicity is common. Several studies have shown that organophosphates are able to induce oxidative stress by generating free radicals and depletion of endogenous antioxidants. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, the e...

Toxicity of organophosphates (OP) is mainly ascribed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme at the cholinergic synapses. This results in cholinergic crisis leading to various muscarinic, nicotinic and central effects. Additionally, there are several non-cholinergic effects of OP which are likely to exacerbate the toxicity and complicate diagnosis. The present study reports the dose...

The uptake of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) by an Arthrobacter sp. which can utilize this herbicide as its sole source of phosphorus was investigated. Orthophosphate suppressed the expression of the uptake system for glyphosate and also competed with glyphosate for uptake. The K(m) for glyphosate uptake was 125 muM, and the K(i) for orthophosphate was 24 muM. Organophosphonates as wel...

In Belize, Central America, many farms surrounding the Protected Areas of the Maya Mountains rely heavily on the application of agrochemicals. The purpose of this study was to test whether orographic drift of glyphosate and organophosphates into the nearby Maya Mountain Protected Areas occurred by collecting phytotelmic water from seven sites over 3 years. Regardless of location within the Maya...

AIMS To examine the possibility that monocyte esterase deficiency (MED) could be caused by exposure to organophosphates. METHODS Pseudocholinesterase, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured in the serum and acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in the red cells of a group of monocyte esterase deficient subjects and compared with the enzyme activities of a control group of ...

Acute toxic effects of three commonly used insecticidal preparations of the organophosphates chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and dichlorvos were examined in mixed breed broiler chicks, and cholinesterase activity in plasma and brain were measured. The acute (24 h) oral median lethal doses (LD50) of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and dichlorvos were 10.79 mg kg(-1), 6.32 mg kg(-1), and 6.30 mg kg(-1), respecti...

Organophosphate pesticides are used extensively worldwide, and poisoning by these agents, particularly in developing nations is a public health problem. Organophosphorous nerve agents are still considered as potential threat in both military or terrorism situations. The mechanism of toxicity is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholi...