Expression of RAD51, a crucial player in homologous recombination (HR) and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, is dysregulated in human tumors, and can contribute to genomic instability and tumor progression. To further understand RAD51 regulation we functionally characterized a long non-coding (lnc) RNA, dubbed TODRA (Transcribed in the Opposite Direction of RAD51), transcribed 69bp upstream...

We report the first example of reversible encapsulation of micron-sized particles by oppositely charged submicron smaller colloids. The reversibility of this encapsulation process is regulated by pH-responsive poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) present in solution. The competitive adsorption between the small colloids and the poly(acrylic acid) on the surface of the large colloids plays a key role in the...

The conversion from vegetative to inflorescence shoot apical meristem is one of the key developmental switches in flowering plants. This transition modulated by various environmental and endogenous stimuli controlled sophisticated regulatory networks. Regulation time architecture has a great impact on plant reproductive success significantly influences biomass fitness. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), m...

The genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways are well-known estrogen signaling pathways. The 66-kDa estrogen receptor-α (ER-α66) is a typical ligand-inducible transcription factor that mainly mediates genomic estrogen signaling. Recently, we identified and cloned a 36-kDa variant of ER-α66, known as ER-α36. This variant lacks intrinsic transcription activity and predominantly mediates non-gen...

Abstract Type I diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of β-cells, leading to severe insulin deficiency. Environmental factors and genetic predisposition are implicated in β-cell destruction, which final step a cascade complex events. Possible triggers activation Fas, perforin, increased generation reactive oxygen species, production inflammatory cytokines, ...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium produces two types of filamentous appendages on its surface. Fimbriae mediate adherence to tissues and cells via receptor-specific interactions, and flagella are the organelles of motility. These appendages play a role in colonization and dissemination, respectively, from infected surfaces and may be important components of bacterial survival. Increased e...

The Phycodnaviridae, Iridoviridae and related viruses, with diameters of 1500-2000 A, are formed from large trigonal arrays of hexagonally close-packed capsomers forming the faces of icosahedra [Yan et al. (2000), Nature Struct. Biol. 7, 101-103; Nandhagopal et al. (2002), Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 14758-14763]. Caspar and Klug predicted that such structures could be assembled from hexamer...

An understanding of how the nervous system processes an impulse-like input to yield a stereotyped, species-specific electromotor output is relevant for electric fish physiology, but also for understanding the general mechanisms of coordination of effector patterns. In pulse gymnotids, the electromotor system is repetitively activated by impulse-like signals generated by a pacemaker nucleus in t...