PURPOSE To compare the effects on tolerability, tear osmolarity, and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of switching from benzalkonium chloride (BAK) containing prostaglandin analog (PGA) latanoprost to preservative-free tafluprost. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty patients with open-angle glaucoma (N = 60 eyes), 26 women (87%) and four men (13%) aged 64.1 (SD 14.1) years, showing abnormal...

BACKGROUND Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used to treat dehydration caused by diarrheal diseases including cholera. Reduced osmolarity formulations are safe and more effective than standard ORS for treating non-cholera diarrhea. As cholera causes rapid electrolyte loss, it is important to know if these benefits are similar for people with cholera. OBJECTIVES To compare the safety and effi...

Cells must interpret environmental information that often changes over time. In our experiment, we systematically monitored the growth of yeast cells under various frequencies of oscillating osmotic stress. Growth was severely inhibited at a particular resonance frequency, at which cells show hyperactivated transcriptional stress responses. This behavior represents a sensory misperception: The ...

The effects of temperature, pH, osmolarity and aeration on the growth and differentiation of a trypanosome of the subgenus Schizotrypanum isolated from the bat Phyllostomus hastatus were studied. In general, the growth characteristics of the flagellate were similar to those of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. However, the parasite did not growth at 33 or 37 C. Increase in the osmolarity and ...

Sbarra, Anthony J. (St. Margaret's Hospital, Boston, Mass.), William Shirley, and John S. Baumstark. Effect of osmolarity on phagocytosis. J. Bacteriol. 85:306-313. 1963.-The effect of a number of different compounds on phagocytosis was studied. Phagocytosis was monitored by morphological and biochemical means. It was found that the addition of compounds such as KCl, NaCl, sodium or potassium m...

The yeast high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway activates the Hog1 MAP kinase, which coordinates adaptation to high osmolarity conditions. Here we demonstrate that the four-transmembrane (TM) domain protein Sho1 is an osmosensor in the HKR1 sub-branch of the HOG pathway. Crosslinking studies indicate that Sho1 forms planar oligomers of the dimers-of-trimers architecture by dimerizing at the TM...

Osmotic activity is the process when water in one solution, with lower concentration of e.g. salt ions or sugar molecules, moves through a semipermeable barrier in the direction of a higher concentration to equalize concentrations. The osmotic activity could both be measured in milliosmoles/kilogram (mOsm/kg) solvent, i.e. osmolality, and calculated as milliosmoles/liter (mOsm/L) solution, i.e....

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal pulsation treatment on tear film parameters, specifically osmolarity and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and dry eye disease (DED). METHODS A single-center review of 189 eyes that underwent thermal pulsation treatment was performed. Data were collected on pre and posttre...