food dehydration process in several reasons, causes deteriorate qualitative characteristics in final products. it is necessary to use some pretreatments such as osmotic dehydration. in this research, during osmotic dehydration of pear rings, the effects of concentration of sucrose solutions of 50 and 60 percent (w/w), in constant temperature of 30ºc, and reconstitution of osmotic solutions (unt...

The distinguishing feature of the mammalian outer hair cells (OHCs) is to elongate and shorten at acoustic frequencies, when their intracellular potential is changed. This "electromotility" or "electromechanics" depends critically on positive intracellular pressure (turgor), maintained by the inflow of water through yet uncharacterized water pathways. We measured the water volume flow, J(v), ac...

When euryhaline teleosts are adapted to waters of salinities higher than the osmolality of plasma an increase in drinking rate has been observed (Lotan, 1969; Maetz, 1970; Maetz & Skadhauge, 1968; Potts et al. 1967; Shehadeh & Gordon, 1969). This is to be expected since drinking, and absorption of salt (NaCl) and water through the intestinal wall, is the only way for the fish to get water to ma...

A study has been made of water entry into human red blood cells under an osmotic pressure gradient. The measurements were made using a rapid reaction stop flow apparatus, whose construction, calibration, and performance are described in detail. Red cell volume changes were determined from 90 degrees scattered light. The permeability coefficient for water entry under a relative isosmolar concent...

Experimental measurements of density at different temperatures ranging from 293.15 to 313.15 K, the speed of sound and osmotic coefficients at 298.15 K for aqueous solution of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Emim][Br]), and osmotic coefficients at 298.15 K for aqueous solutions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) in the dilute concentration region are taken. The data are ...

Methodology was developed to measure osmotic water permeability in monolayer cultured cells and applied to examine the proposed role of glucose transporters in the water pathway (1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:8397-8401). J774 macrophages were grown on glass coverslips and mounted in a channel-type perfusion chamber for rapid fluid exchange without cell detachment. Relative cell volume wa...

The osmotic permeability coefficient, P(f), and the tagged water permeability coefficient, P(d), were determined for thin (<100 A) lipid membranes formed from ox brain lipids plus DL-alpha-tocopherol; their value of approximately 1 x 10(-3) cm/sec is within the range reported for plasma membranes. It was established that P(f) = P(d). Other reports that P(f) > P(d) can be attributed to the prese...

The sequence of transcapillary fluid movement during microocclusion of single capillaries was investigated on the theoretical basis of the Starling hypothesis. For most capillaries studied, the theory agrees reasonably well with the experiments with red cells used as the tags for fluid movement. By analyzing the sequence of the movement of the red cell in one single occlusion, it was possible t...

A theory is set up of spherical proteins interacting by screened electrostatics and constant adhesion, in which the effective adhesion parameter is optimized by a variational principle for the free energy. An analytical approach to the second virial coefficient is first outlined by balancing the repulsive electrostatics against part of the bare adhesion. A theory similar in spirit is developed ...