In 2018, according to the National Sample Survey Report, number of cases hospitalization per 1000 persons in 365 days was 29 India (26 rural and 34 urban areas). Between 2004 2014, for example, average medical expenditure patients increased by about 176%, patients, it jumped a little over 160%. Most these hospitalizations are infections, but significant also treatment cancer blood-related disea...

BACKGROUND Out-of-pocket expenses, medical and non-medical, have an impoverishing effect on the family. OBJECTIVE Determine non-medical out-of-pocket expenses incurred during out-patient attendance for primary care services. METHODS A descriptive survey was undertaken at a rural medical college using interviewer-administered questionnaire to parents of children <6 years over a period of 6 w...

BACKGROUND Unequal geographical distribution of medical care resources and insufficient healthcare coverage have been two long-standing problems with Taiwan's public health system. The implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) attempted to mitigate the inequality in health care use. This study examines the degree to which Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) has reduced out-of-pocke...

BACKGROUND The way a health system is financed affects the performance of its other functions of stewardship, input (or resource) creation and services provision, and ultimately, the achievement of health system goals of health improvement (or maintenance), responsiveness to people's non-medical expectations and fair financial contributions. OBJECTIVES To analyse the changes between 1998 and ...

BACKGROUND Medicare Part D, introduced in January 2006, was intended to decrease beneficiaries' out-of-pocket expenditures on medications. METHODS We examined whether this policy was successful in achieving this goal, including effects on Medicare beneficiaries without previous drug coverage and those who previously received coverage through Medicaid, in a longitudinal study of out-of-pocket ...

Background: The National Health Accounts keep track of all healthcare related activities from the beginning (i.e. resource provision), to the end (i.e. service provision). This study was conducted to address following questions: How is the Iranian health system funded? Who distribute the funds? For what services are the funds spent on?, What service providers receive the funds? Methods: The...