Normal blood flow is essential for proper heart formation during embryonic development, as abnormal hemodynamic load (blood pressure and shear stress) results in cardiac defects seen in congenital heart disease. However, the progressive detrimental remodeling processes that relate altered blood flow to cardiac defects remain unclear. Endothelial-mesenchymal cell transition is one of the many co...

Context. Highly-collimated outflows are believed to be the earliest stage in outflow evolution, so their study is essential for understanding the processes driving outflows. The BHR71 Bok globule is known to harbour such a highly-collimated outflow, which is powered by a protostar belonging to a protobinary system. Aims. We aimed at investigating the interaction of collimated outflows with the ...

[1] Neutrals created by charge-exchange of low-energy ( 10–100 eV) ion outflow from the ionosphere are imaged by the Low Energy Neutral Atom (LENA) imager on the IMAGE spacecraft. Comparing the neutral flux with changes in the solar wind during an ion outflow event on 24 June 2000 indicates that changes in solar wind density (and therefore dynamic pressure) are associated with episodic bursts o...

A decade has passed since the first topical prostaglandin analog was prescribed to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) for the treatment of glaucoma. Now four prostaglandin analogs are available for clinical use around the world and more are in development. The three most efficacious of these drugs are latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost, and their effects on IOP and aqueous humor dynamics a...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The hypothesis that MS could be provoked by a derangement of the blood outflow from the brain has been largely discredited. In part, it was because data on the normal pattern of outflow are scarce and obtained with different methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal pattern of outflow for the vertebral and internal jugular veins in healthy subjects with mu...

The neonatal presentation of cardiac rhabdomyomas varies in severity from severe outflow tract obstruction to minimal cardiac dysfunction. The natural history for these lesions is spontaneous regression in the majority of cases. We describe a newborn boy with severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction secondary to a large rhabdomyoma. The tumor infiltrated the paraaortic area and extende...

Freshly enucleated eyes were quantitatively perfused via the anterior chamber at 15 mm Hg pressure with various concentrations of the sulfhydryl (-SH) agent. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). In the monkey eye a dosage of 9.4 mM NEM produced a 108% increase in facility of outflow. In calf eyes a dosage of NEM of 4.7 mM or greater also produced a significant increase in outflow facility. At the threshold ...

To characterize the pathophysiology of hyphema clearance, we studied changes in the facility of outflow in experimental hyphema in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes. Hyphemas, with washed normal or sickled red cells (RBCs) (suspended in isotonic phosphate buffer to obtain a hematocrit value comparable to that of whole blood) and occupying 50% to 100% of the anterior chamber volume, caused a marked...

Purpose: To explore the effect of the thalamosinusotomy ab interno, which is an experimental surgical procedure similar to sclerothalamotomy ab interno, on aqueous humor drainage. Methods: Enucleated porcine eyes were perfused with Krebs-Ringer’s physiologic solution and trypan blue, in vitro, under different constant pressures after the experimental procedure. The outflow facility and the stai...

A Chinese woman was admitted to our hospital because of syncope. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a hypertrophic basal interventricular septum of 15 mm with a sharp angle protruding into the left ventricular outflow tract. Moreover, an anomalous anterolateral papillary muscle (maximum width of 11 mm) was inserted into the left ventricular outflow tract, with short chordae tendineae conne...