This paper presents a game theoretic model in which some fraction of output is appropriated from entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are able to form a league to prevent this appropriation, but this might not be individually rational because of either the free rider problem or coordination failure. The model also shows that poorer countries are less able to form this league and so might not be able to...

This paper addresses how financial development affects product quality and firmlevel exports depending on the firm’s productivity. To this goal, I propose a heterogeneous firms model with endogenous quality, credit constraints and heterogeneous productivity of a firm. I show theoretically and confirm empirically that lower financial constraints result in higher-quality output and higher exports...

This Paper examines the causality and long-run relationships between economic growth and Tourism development in developing countries using P-VAR approach during 1995-2009. The findings reveal that there is a bilateral causality and positive long-run relationship between economic growth and Tourism development. In the other words, the tourism-led growth hypothesis is confirmed, as well as, outpu...

In this paper we endogenously group 311 U.S. cities by using dynamic clustering techniques. Then, we try to determine what the economic determinants of clustering are. In so doing, we use a spatial econometric model that disentangles the effect of intercity interactions operating through the input-output matrix from the effect of all others interactions. Preliminary incomplete version Do not ci...

This paper analyzes optimal contracting when an agent has private information before contracting and exerts hidden effort that stochastically affects the output. Additionally, the contract is constrained to satisfy the agent’s ex post participation. We highlight three features of this model. First, the agent faces countervailing incentives. Second, the separation of types is never optimal. Thir...

Previous work in monetary policy futures markets under a single policy goal have shown this approach to be effective at eliminating the circularity problem inherent with private-sector targeting strategies. We extend this monetary policy setting framework to a typical multiple goal policy objective: inflation and output stabilization. We also demonstrate how the prices in policy futures markets...

Okun’s coefficient is estimated from U.S. quarterly data covering the period 1947:1–1992:2. The cyclical components of unemployment and output are extracted by smoothing using the Kalman filter as applied to Harvey’s structural time series model. The estimated Okun’s coefficient is around 20.38 irrespective of the whether the model used is static or dynamic and irrespective of the lag length in...

Noussair et al (1995) invoked a trading environment similar to the 2 x 2 Ricardian model and observed the law of comparative advantage. In this experiment, we apply the same experimental setting but increase the number of goods and countries. We report an experiment to test a 3 x 3 Competitive Ricardian Model (CRM). The patterns of trade and output predicted by the law of comparative advantage ...

Tournaments and Multiple Productive Inputs: The Case of Performance Enhancing Drugs In this paper I consider the desirability of drugs that enhance cognitive abilities in the context of tournaments that are used as optimal labor contracts as in Lazear and Rosen (1981). Such drugs reduce the number of voluntary participants in a tournament, but increase individual and total output. If the tourna...