Abstract Earth’s climatic evolution over the last 5 million years is primarily understood from perspective of marine mechanisms, however, role terrestrial feedbacks remains largely unexplored. Here we reconstruct soil moisture variability in Central Asia using paleomagnetism data and isotope geochemistry an 80 m-thick sedimentary succession at Charyn Canyon, Kazakhstan. We identify a long-term ...

The ability to control the focus of attention relies on top-down modulation of cortical activity in areas involved in stimulus processing, and this ability is critical for maintaining items in working memory in the presence of distraction. Prior research demonstrates that children are less capable of focusing attention, relative to adults, and that this ability develops significantly during mid...

Reliable communication over delay-constrained block-fading channels with discrete inputs and mismatched (imperfect) channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is studied. The CSIT mismatch is modeled as Gaussian random variables, whose variances decay as a power of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A special focus is placed on the large-SNR decay of the outage probability when power con...

In order to start designing any communication system, simulation is needed and especially when the system design cost is very expensive like satellite link. The simulation make us take the right decision about the system and its component and parameters. One of to the trends enhance the transmission is the use of coding. In this paper the performance of trellis coding modulation (TCM) over land...

The performance of an adaptive five-mode M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) system under constant power constraint over time-varying land mobile satellite channel is evaluated in this paper. The mathematically-tractable closed-form expressions of performance for outage probability, bit error rate (BER) and average spectral efficiency are deduced by a simple Rician channel model in whic...

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the development of a unique compressor capacity modulation concept which utilizes reexpansion volume as a means of capacity reduction in hermetic air conditioning and refrigeration system. While there are various methods of compressor capacity modulation in use, each particular method is limited in its application or appeal for different reasons such as...

Future wireless communications networks will be required to support a multitude of services with different reliability and latency requirements. However, achieving such flexible systems are challenging in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) due to limited battery resources, node mobility, changes in path attenuation, and fluctuations in interference. By employing adaptive signaling techniques with U...

Link adaptation techniques aim at the efficient utilization of the scarce bandwidth of mobile radio links while satisfying the users’ demands. A competitive candidate for these purposes is an adaptive scheme based on the Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) which increases the noise robustness without bandwidth expansion, in comparison with an uncoded scheme. We consider the optimum design of an adap...