Data cubes provide aggregate information to support the analysis of the contents of data warehouses and databases. An important tool to analyze data in data cubes is the range query. For range queries that summarize large regions of massive data cubes, computing the query result on the y can result in non-interactive response times (e.g. in the order of minutes). To speed up range queries, valu...

In this paper, intelligent models based on fuzzy inference are proposed to analyze single overhead line terminated to arrester. This paper consists of two parts. The first one is modeling overhead line and the second one is related to modeling grounding system. In each part, the behavior of the problem is first represented as simple and unchanged membership functions. After then, effects of par...

Materials and methods This was a retrospective economic evaluation study. Type 2 diabetes patients of the universal coverage scheme who visited and followed up at general practice department of Nopparat Rajatanee hospital and the subcontractor private clinics for at least one year were recruited. The patient data were collected from medical records and from hospital computer systems from 1 Janu...

Fixed cost: Includes all costs that do not vary with activity for an accounting period. Fixed costs are, at any time, the inevitable costs that must be paid regardless of the level of output and of the resources used. A Fixed Cost is therefore not an Opportunity Cost. Overhead is considered a fixed cost, even though it may vary somewhat according to the amount of activity. Any cost that does no...

BACKGROUND We determined direct medical costs, overhead costs, societal costs, and personnel requirements for the provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to patients with AIDS in Haiti. METHODS We examined data from 218 treatment-naïve adults who were consecutively initiated on ART at the GHESKIO Center in Port-au-Prince, Haiti between December 23, 2003 and May 20, 2004 and calculated costs...

Recently, the Department of Defense replaced its traditional fee-for-service insurance plan for military health care beneficiaries with an HMO/PPO hybrid. Using survey and claims data, we compare changes in costs over two years at sites that implemented this initiative (CRI) with changes at matched control sites. The results indicate that CRI substantially raised per beneficiary government cost...

This paper studies the impact of trade costs reduction on geographical concentration in the presence of firm heterogeneity and overhead type of export fixed costs. Firm heterogeneity with the export fixed costs hampers full agglomeration through weakening the forward and backward linkages and fortifying the market crowding effect. Rather than catastrophic agglomeration that the standard new eco...

Overhead conveyor systems are in use in many installations around the world, meeting the widest range of applications possible. Overhead conveyor systems are particularly preferred in automotive industry but also at post offices. Overhead conveyor systems must always be integrated with a logistical process by finding the best way for a cheaper material flow in order to guarantee precise and fas...

BACKGROUND A decade ago, the administrative costs of health care in the United States greatly exceeded those in Canada. We investigated whether the ascendancy of computerization, managed care, and the adoption of more businesslike approaches to health care have decreased administrative costs. METHODS For the United States and Canada, we calculated the administrative costs of health insurers, ...